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Fiscal risk can arise in countries where the government applies a tax system that has only one purpose, to bring revenue to the budget. If a country wants to attract investors from other countries, it must apply a proper tax system, without high taxes, because those investors will be tempted to migrate to other countries with a more permissive tax system, perhaps even to those countries considered tax havens. In addition to all this, an important role in implementing a tax risk-free tax system is also globalisation. Nor should we forget inflation, which can occur and lead to a high tax risk, which can result in an erosion of the income of enterprises and a decrease in profitability. The objective of the paper is to highlight the tax risk to which an enterprise is subject in various situations (inflation, globalisation) and their effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, ensuring the necessary resources to meet the performance standards imposed by international organizations to which Romania belongs, namely NATO, has held a very important place among the main objectives and activities of the state. The extensive process of transformation and continuous adaptation undergone by various bodies and structures of the country has led to a harmonization of resources, with studies conducted on the unfolding phenomena and measures implemented to adapt to the requirements of today's society regarding their management. The objective of this study is to outline a general overview of how NATO investment projects are carried out in Romania through public institutions under the Ministry of National Defense, using financial and accounting information, in compliance with national and international legislation, to ensure the continuous fulfillment of objectives and standards set by the North Atlantic Alliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the level of any society, income and expenditure and savings have played and continue to play an important role both from a macroeconomic perspective and from a microeconomic perspective. The purpose of our paper is to identify the variables of influences between the revenues, the expenses and the savings at a household level, by using the Principal Component Analysis. We have used the results of a questionnaire conducted on a sample of 344 persons nationally representative and we have used SPSS and Monte Carlo PCA in order to analyze the results and Identify the principal components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the level of any society, the income, expenses and savings have been playing and continue to play an important role from both macroeconomic perspective (as a key element in the development of a company) and microeconomic perspective (from the point of view of the household, as a mean of describing the standards of living of the population). Linked together, they represent key elements that play an important role in the entire national economy. By the means of a short quantitative research, this article aims to present how the total of revenues, the registered expenditure and the amount of savings on a household level create a descriptive picture of the standards of living. At a household level, the existing incomes represent the main source of both expenses and savings. Thus, a strong correlation between these elements is created, which defines the importance that each one shows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Private finance is financial relations which runs between autonomous individuals and legal entities other than the state or public institutions, all as subjects who are under commercial law. Creation and use of financial resources in this area takes place on the basis of revenue and expenditure drawn up and approved, under their own operation statutes approved and registered with state institutions, and the control over how their execution runs and is reported is also stated in the statute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional costing methods assign indirect costs evenly, according to resource consumption by a product, while this consumption actually takes place in an uneven manner. To avoid such errors, entities seek to ensure best possible appraisal of uneven resource consumption, and the ABC method is one way of achieving this goal. The ABC method starts from the observation that it’s not products that consume resources but activities, and the entity’s activities are used by products. Costing through this method requires taking the following steps: identification of activities, assessment of resources consumed by each activity, determination of cost drivers and calculation of unit costs for each driver, and allocation of activity costs for each cost object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the authors present important aspects of local autonomy seen through the lenses of decentralization and regionalization. It shows that local finance can contribute to community development only to the extent that the law provides financial autonomy so that the administration can attract European funds for local projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our country, the impact of taxation can give birth to controversial problems, which is why the present paper aims to highlight the way taxation impacts the determination and taxation of the result of nonprofit organizations (NPOs). They benefit of exemptions from taxation within certain limits, which determines the realization of some additional works and the consideration of the result-generating elements according to a certain specific, so that the information obtained may be useful in the determination of the result and of the associated tax, if applicable. The study of the fiscal regulations applicable to NPOs has led us to the determination of a practical algorithm according to which the result is established and taxed, an algorithm highlighting the impact of taxation on the accounting in NPOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any country, including Romania, aspires to create a solid banking system, able to maintain its effectiveness in contingent situations and to enable the assurance of an organizational framework corresponding to the expansion of money relationships in the economy. Profitable and adequately capitalized banks are at the basis of a healthy banking system. The fundamental objective of any bank is to maximize its profit under risk minimization conditions. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the economic crisis on the development of bank performance indicators in Romania, the banking system being, in the economy, the main circulatory system. The concept of bank performance expresses both the performance of the banking sector and of the economy, in general, which cannot exist without a profitable banking system. It shows us the stability of bank activities and its level is determined based on a system of indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experts believe that is being wasted so many resources, allocating budgetary policy that does not provide a sufficiently clearly identifiable European added value. In addition, the Community budget has often been criticized for lack of transparency. The General rules concerning the distribution of resources and financial contributions from Member States are often altered by ad hoc derogations which causes a high degree of complexity. To counter these deficiencies, in 2005 within the framework of the European Council of December in Brussels, it was decided to launch the process of the reform of public finances at the EU level, exercise is also known as the budgetary review process. At the same time, the review of the budget was part of the compromise achieved on the new financial perspective 2007-2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author focuses on budgetary indicators which characterize public sectors of the emergent economies in the European Union. He informs that supervision of the budgetary incomes, public expenses and budgetary expenses can help to control the public sector dimension. He also mentions the factors that put pressure on public sector dimension including retraining of the unemployed, social programs and pension systems.

The article theme is part of the area of financial investigation processes and phenomena occurring at the micro level that focus on effective financial bank interest expenses. Throughout the article we try to show ways of influence and effectiveness of these expenditures that may influence to some extent, but also decisive the economic and financial results of company. The purpose of this article is to highlight the usefulness and applicability of the methodology for analyzing the effectiveness of bank interest costs from 1,000 lei turnover in the firm. We all know that debt was always a risky method, both for the borrower and the lender. In our case, interest are those financial costs that make the cost of borrowing and are the most important component of these expenses that contribute to building capacity to mobilize financial resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Budgeting, a set of steps taken by state competent bodies in order to materialize the financial policy applied by governmental authority, takes place in the following stages: setting out the budget statement, approving the budget, budget execution, budget execution completion, controlling and approving budget execution completion. Budget execution is described in specialized literature especially as a stage in the budgeting process in the components of the national public budget (public budget, social insurance budget, budgets of territorial administrative units). The present paper aims at highlighting several features of how budget execution takes place in the budgets of public institutions which are entirely funded by the public budget and local budgets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]