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The aim of this study was to create a questionnaire that will enable the quantification of procedures, attitudes and knowledge of healthcare professionals on breastfeeding. The research was conducted on 370 healthcare workers (37 male and 333 female) who, in the period from 15/12/2020 until 15/03/2021, completed the online working version of the questionnaire. Statistical procedures of particle reduction and extraction of the main factors and calculation of construct validity (indicate the degree to which an instrument measures the trait or theoretical construct that it is intended to measure) resulted in a questionnaire on behavior, attitudes and knowledge of health workers about breastfeeding (BBAKQ prof). The questionnaire consists of a scale of behavior (9 items), attitudes (19 items) and knowledge (20 items). The behavior scale shows satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.70), and the factorial solution with three factors (Breastfeeding Support, Breastfeeding Cessation, and Wrong advice) explains 67.16% of the variance (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test = 0.69, Bartlett's test < 0.000). The extracted values of the average variance extracted for each latent variable are greater than 0.5 (0.55/0.63/0.72) which indicates good convergent validity. Heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) ratio correlations (0.11/0.19/0.56) confirm good discriminant validity. The attitude scale has a high Cronbach's Alpha (0.94), and the factorial solution with two factors (Positive attitudes on breastfeeding, Negative attitudes on breastfeeding) explains 61.65% of the variance (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test = 0.93, Bartlett's test < 0.000). The average variance extracted values for each latent variable are greater than 0.5 (0.53/0.67), and the HTMT correlation ratio is 0.63, indicating good convergent and discriminant validity. The internal consistency of knowledge scale items on the BBAKQ prof. questionnaire is very good (KR20 = 0.81). The questionnaire could be used as an aid in research of contribution of healthcare workers to successful breastfeeding, it is free and available at the link provided in the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breastfeeding is undoubtedly the best food for newborns and infants. In the process of breastfeeding, the child establishes the foundations of attachment, on which he will build the foundations of all subsequent relationships. Breastfeeding has health benefits for the mother. The invitation to participate in this research was answered by a small number of men in terms of gender, and doctors in terms of profession. The results of the research show in general scarce participation of health professionals in education about breastfeeding (frequently/regularly less than 20%). Counseling parents on exclusive and complete breastfeeding is often contrary to UNICEF/WHO guidelines. The worst responses of healthcare workers on the scale of attitudes are regarding breastfeeding in a public place, acceptance of breastfeeding as a fundamental human relationship and the role of the father in supporting the breastfeeding mother. On the scale of knowledge, the worst responses are regarding knowledge of the legal regulation of public advertising of breast milk substitutes, stopping breastfeeding when the mother is febrile or taking some medication, the importance of rooming in and the need to stop breastfeeding when the child starts nursery/kindergarten. Breastfeeding education for future healthcare workers during their education should be improved. In working with healthcare professionals who are already employed, work should be done to raise awareness of the obligation to provide information about breastfeeding in accordance with WHO/UNICEF recommendations. Parents who have already decided to breastfeed their child have the right to continuous support during the entire period of breastfeeding. To achieve the goals of the WHO/UNICEF in 2030, only positive developments in the health system will not be enough, but at the level of the entire society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to show the prevalence of sedentary lifestyle, i.e. insufficient physical activity in schoolchildren, and the association of sedentary lifestyle and headache. We used Croatian database of the international research on Health Behaviour of School-aged Children, 2013/2014. For the purpose of this paper, we used questions that describe sedentary lifestyle and headaches. Statistical processing was done using IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0 statistical program. The sample included 5741 students (49.8% F and 50.2% M), primary school 5th and 7th grades and secondary school 1st grade (age 11, 13 and 15 years, respectively), with an equal distribution. The response rate was 85.9%. Study results showed that 25.3% of students practiced daily physical activity. Spending two hours of free time in front of screens daily was reported by 23.9% of respondents. One-fifth of the students answered that they played games for about half an hour a day. Children who were more physically active had less headaches (OR 0.0905, p<0.001). More time spent in front of a screen was associated with more frequent headaches (OR 1.082, p<0.003), and playing games longer was associated with less headaches (OR 0.890, p<0.001). Analyzing the relationship between sedentary lifestyle and headaches indicated physical activity and playing games as a protective factor, whereas the time spent in front of a screen was a risk factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]