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Objective: To validate a clinical scoring system for defining the severity of ailment that will assist in developing strategies for management prioritisation. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Paediatric Department, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, Pakistan, form Jan 2020 to Jul 2021. Methodology: The paediatric patients who reported to the Medical Reception Centre and were admitted to an Inpatient Facility were enrolled. Demographic profile, temperature, oxygen saturation, pulse, respiratory rate, seizures, and sensorium labelled as "TOPRS" score was recorded with "0 - Normal" and "1 - Abnormal" and scores calculated for each patient with the incorporation of systemic inflammatory response and advanced paediatric life support criteria. Results: A total of 300 paediatric patients with an age range of 1-18 years (mean: 3.86±5.43) were included. Of 300 patients, 237(79%) were discharged after improvement, and the mortality rate was 63(21%). A significant association with the mortality rate was deciphered with temperature, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate variables. In contrast, pulse rate, sensorium, and seizures were concluded to have an insignificant association. Score "0" mortality was associated with the 4.4% mortality, whereas score "5" enumerated an 80% death rate. Conclusion: The TOPRS clinical scoring system has significant value in the diagnosis of mortality and morbidity of paediatric patients and, hence, can assist in early recognition and triage of patients, consequently aiding in the provision of prioriti sation protocols and management in a befitting manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the predictors associated with mortality within 8 weeks in patients undergoing endoscopic N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate treatment. Study Design: Prospective comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gastroenterology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore Pakistan, from Mar 2018 to Mar 2019. Methodology: A total of 106 patients of gastric variceal bleed were enrolled in the study. Tissue glue was injected into the varix endoscopically and mortality within 8 weeks after endoscopic intervention was noted. Results: Among the enrolled patients, 65 (61.3%) were male and 41(38.7%) were female. Mortality was noted in 19 (17.9%) patients within 8 weeks after endoscopic therapy. Chi-square analysis showed creatinine >1.5, Child Pugh score >9, MELD score >18, re-bleeding within 7 days, low blood pressure <90/60 at presentation and hepatic encephalopathy as significant predictors of mortality (p<0.005). Conclusion: Cirrhotic patients undergoing endoscopic injection of gastric varix with N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate after gastric variceal bleed have high risk of death within 8 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the impact of adjuvant Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) therapy in neonatal sepsis. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, Mar 2019 to Mar 2020. Methodology: Thirty neonates (15 cases and 15 controls) were randomly selected for this study. The Interventional Group was given GM-CSF and standard-of-care treatment; the Control Group only received standard care. Both groups were followed for the primary outcome (i.e., discharge or death). Secondary outcomes included the effects of GM-CSF on haematological parameters of neonatal sepsis. Results: The mean gestational age of the children was 33.46±2.47 weeks. In the Interventional-Group, 56.7% of the neonates were discharged with the resolution of the sepsis. There was no significant difference concerning the secondary outcome, but the mortality was higher in the neonates among the Control-Group (p-value>0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed no difference in mortality between the Interventional and the Control Groups. The GM-CSF therapy could be used as an adjuvant therapy in neonates with neonatal sepsis to increase the total leukocyte and absolute neutrophil counts. Further studies are needed to holistically chart the clinical benefit of GM-CSF adjuvant therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]