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Objective: To determine the effects of intra articular platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection on level of pain of knee joint in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Aug 2018 to Jan 2019. Methodology: Forty patients with pain due to knee osteoarthritis for intra-articular injection were included in this observational clinical trial after informed consent and fulfilling inclusion criteria. After measuring pain by numerical rating scale, patients received intra articular platelet rich plasma (10ml) therapy in affected knee under fluoroscopy. Using the Numerical rating scale level of pain was evaluated and recorded for each patient at different intervals. Results: There was dramatic improvement in pain score after first and second injection of platelet rich plasma. There was 33.33% improvement at 3rd week, 54.32% at 6th week and 71.60% at 6th month. Conclusion: Platelet rich plasma is safe, cost effective and minimally invasive in reducing pain scores and functional limitation in knee osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the effects of nandrolone decanoateon renal tubules and its protection by punicagranatum (pomegranate) in mice. Study Design: Lab based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: One year in Anatomy department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in association with National Institution of Health, Islamabad. Methodology: Forty healthy BALB/c mice of both sexes with weight range of 2 5-30gms were equally disseminated into four groups, A as control while B, C and D as trial groups. Three trial groups were inoculated Nandrolone Decanoate 1mg per100 gm of body weight, through intramuscular injections in the hind limb, once weekly for eight weeks. Pomegranate nector was administered in animals of trial group C (3ml per kg of body weight) en route oral gavage tube daily, whereas animals in trial group D was administered pomegranate peel extract (200mg per kg body weight) via oral gavage tube daily for eight weeks. Evaluation of the outcomes of trial groups B, C & D was done amongst them and with control group A. Results: In nandrolone decanoate injected experimental group B, tubular necrosis were appreciated in comparison with control group A (pË, 0.001), and showed statistical improvement when evaluation was done with pomegranate nectar and pomegranate peel extract treated trial groups C (0.001) and D (p=0.001), correspondingly. Conclusion: Punicagranatum in two forms, as nectar and peel extract, has almost identical curative effects on steroid administered renal tubular mutilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate how Tocopherols shield testis' histomorphology in adult rats subjected to noise stress. Study Design: Laboratory based-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: National Institute of Health, Islamabad Pakistan, from Sep 2022 to Sep 2023. Methodology: A total of 90 albino rats, with weights ranging from 250 to 300 grams, were included in the study. Three Groups were created: Group-A, Control, and Group-B, daily noise exposure (100 dB); Group-C was administered with Alpha-Tocopherol 40 IU/kg dissolved in 0.5 ml corn oil and subjected to noise (100 dB) daily. The seminiferous tubules' germinal epithelium's diameter and height were measured using Hematoxylin and Eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff staining. Results: The study compared gross, microscopic, and biochemical parameters between the Experimental and Control Groups. Group A exhibited an average testicular volume of 1.82±0.05 gms, a mean tubular diameter of 253.72±4.46 µm, and a germinal epithelial height of 56.47±2.31µm. Group-B's testicular volume was 1.13±0.07 gms, accompanied by a decrease in tubular diameter to 182.15±5.05 µm and epithelial height to 36.80±2.79 µm and in comparison to Group-B, Group-C exhibited enhancements in terms of tubular diameter (251.86±2.00 µm, p<0.001) and epithelial height (55.63±2.02 µm, p<0.001), resulting in a reduced testicular volume (1.181±0.03 gms, p<0.001). Conclusion: Noise-induced histomorphological changes in the testis lowered sperm maturation in the germinal cells and significantly reduced testicular volume. Moreover, α-Tocopherol has a protective effect on histomorphological changes caused by noise stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discover the spectrum of diagnoses on nerve conduction studies/Electromyography in patients with lumbar radicular pain, test preponderance of the commonest pathology and correlate commonest pathology with age ≥ 50 years, gender and unilateral or bilateral involvement. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 539 patients. Place and Duration of the Study: The department of Electrodiagnostic Studies, Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rawalpindi from January 2012 to December 2012. Material and Methods: Using non-probability consecutive sampling 539 patients referred with complaints of lumbar radicular pain were subjected to electrodiagnostic evaluation for presence of lumbosacral radiculopathy, polyneuropathy, sciatic nerve injury or a combination of these. The preponderance of commonest pathology was tested statistically. The frequencies were then related statistically to age ≥ 50 years, gender and unilateral or bilateral involvement. Results: A total of 539 patients (age: 18- 85 years) were registered. 355 (66%) were males and 261 (48.4%) patients were ≥ 50 years. Nerve conduction studies/Electromyography findings were abnormal in 386 (77.6%) patients. The commonest diagnosis was lumbosacral radiculopathy in 65% followed by polyneuropathy with superimposed lumbosacral radiculopathy in 7%. The preponderance of lumbosacral radiculopathy was statistically found significant (p < 0.05) and it was common in individuals ≥ 50 years. Conclusion: Lumbosacral radiculopathy is highly expected to be found on nerve conduction studies / electromyography in patients who present with lumbar radicular pain. The lumbosacral radiculopathy is more common in individuals of age 50 years and above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the pattern of cervical radiculopathy presenting to a military care set up using electro diagnostic techniques. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Rawalpindi from July 2012 to December 2012. Subjects and Methods: Seventy three patients who were diagnosed as cases of cervical radiculopathy on electro diagnostic testing were included in the study. Demographics and frequency of involvement of different levels were noted. Results: Of the total 73 patients, 51 (69.9%) were males and 22 (30.1%) females, with a mean age of 48.01 ± 13.5 years. Left side predominated with 46.6% involvement whereas 39.7% of the patients had right sided radiculopathy and 13.7% had bilateral involvement. The most common radiculopathy encountered in this study was C7 which affected 25 (34.2%) patients, followed by C6 affecting 17 (23.3%) patients. Radicuolpathy affecting multiple upper segments like C5, C6 and C7 were a close third presenting in 15 (20.5%) patients. C8, T1 radiculopathy of the lower segments was diagnosed in 13 (17.8%) patients whereas the least common upper limb radiculopathy was C5, present in only 3 (4.1%) patients. Conclusion: Cervical radiculopathies affecting C7 and C6 roots were the most common ones encountered in our study, similar to international data. The cervical spine allows for greater movement and therefore is more prone to such developments. The reasons why C7 and C6 roots are most affected need to be studied further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the pattern of severity in patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) presented at electrodiagnostic clinic at Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (AFIRM), Rawalpindi. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Electro-diagnostic Department of Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (AFIRM), Rawalpindi for 6 months from 1st July 2012 to 31st Dec 2012. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and fifty hands from 96 Patients, both male and female were sampled according to inclusion criteria by non-probability purposive sampling. Nerve conduction studies (both motor and sensory studies) were performed using Xeltec electrodiagnostic machine. In patients with normal standard testing but with positive clinical features comparison testing was performed. Results were interpreted and graded according to severity. Results: Out of total 150 hands, 38 hands (25.3%) had minimal CTS, 31 (20.7%) had mild, 56 (37.3%) had moderate, while 21 (14%) had severe CTS. Four (2.7%) patients had extensive lesion. Out of all 96 patients 54 (56.25%) had bilateral disease and rest 42 (43.75%) had unilateral disease. Conclusion: The study showed that the most frequent grade at the time of presentation to electro diagnostic clinic is "moderate" followed by minimal. Since in a large fraction of symptomatic population standard tests were normal, comparison testing is important for early diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]