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The present study was carried out to find out mycochemical profile of culture filtrates of Alternaria japonica through GC-MS analysis. The fungus was incubated for 21 days using malt extract broth as growth medium. Culture filtrate was filtered and concentrated by evaporating water at 45 °C. Filtrates were partitioned using n-hexane followed by chloroform. Both the organic solvent fractions were analyzed through GC-MS. In n-hexane and chloroform fractions, 14 and 10 compounds were identified, respectively. Major compounds in n-hexane fraction were o-xylene (36.9%); ethyl benzene (19.3%), hexane, 2-4-dimethyl- (16.8%), 1-2 dimethylbenzene (7.56%), cyclohexane, 1-ethyl-1-methyl (3.36%), heptane, 2,5-dimethyl- (3.36%) and octane, 4-methyl- (2.52%). Likewise, predominant compounds in chloroform fraction were octane-4 methyl (24.62%), carbonic dihydrazine (16.41%), octane, 2,4,6-trimethyl (12.56%), hydrazine, (1,1-dimethylethyl) (8.75%), 16-hexadecanoyl hydrazide (7.66%) and stearic acid hydrazide (7.08%). Literature surveyed showed that many compounds identified in both the fractions possess antimicrobial, pharmacological, antioxidant, antidepressant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research was conducted in Lab. to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous and methanolic extract of Citrus reticulate fruit. The antimicrobial activity of C. reticulate fruit peel extracts were tested against ten bacterial and five fungal strains. The stock solution of extract was prepared and 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% concentrations of aqueous and crude extracts were used for antimicrobial assays by agar well diffusion technique. Afterwards results of zone of inhibition (mm) of different bacterial and fungal agents at various concentrations of C. reticulate are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Extracts obtained from the organic solvent and water showed different antibacterial activity with the same bacterial strains. The antibacterial efficacy of methanolic peel extract against pathogenic bacteria showed varied level of inhibition. Moreover, in case of methanolic peel extract the growth of Syntrophospora sp., A. xylinum, M. visconsensis, X. nematophilis and Oscillospira sp. were exhibited maximum inhibition zone ranging from 36.0-47.0mm. However no antifungal activity was observed against aqueous and solvent extracts. The results of the phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, phytosterols and steroids. The success of present investigation could lead to the development of cheap, easily available and relatively safe bactericides from citrus plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation deals with the morphological and biochemical identification of rhizobacteria having plant growth promoting characteristics, with a focus on the family Papilionaceae, whose representatives are widespread in nature as leguminous crops. Eleven bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizoplane of pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) and clover (Trifolium pretense L.). The media used to isolate the rhizosphere bacteria were Luria Bertani (LB) agar and Nutrient agar (NA). Rhizosphere bacteria were identifiedbased on different characteristic i.e. phenotypic and biochemical characters. The isolated strains were characterized and assigned to various genera and species, such as Enterobacter aerogenes, Aureobacterium flavescens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Kurthiasp., Acidovorax facilis, Bordetella pertussis, Corynebacterium sp., Bacillus sp., Curtobacterium albidum and Microbacterium lacticum. All identified species are given FCBP accession numbers and were stored for further use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal saprobes were isolated from selected areas of deteriorated painted surfaces from downtown areas of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to contribute the knowledge of mycoflora inhabiting the painted wall surfaces in buildings. The standard microbiological techniques were used for isolation and identification of fungal saprobes. The fungi isolated from deterioration of painted wall surface belongs to 12 different species; the most prevalent represents genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Acremonium, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Curvularia, Mucor and Alternaria. The use of antibiotic coated paint would possibly reduce the bio-deterioration, improve the shelf life and retain the beauty of wall paints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial activity of Eruca sativa Mill. oil was evaluated against phytopathogenic bacterial species (Xenorhabdus luminescens, Acinetobacter sp., Bordetella pertussis, Ensifer adhaerens, Pseudomonas syringae, Acidovorax temperans, Xanthomonas axonopodis) and fungal species (Alternaria alternata, Dreschlera halodes, Aspergillus nidulans, Acremoniun kiliense, Fusarium oxysporum, Curvularia clavata, Rhizopus oryzae). Antifungal activity was determined on MEA while antibacterial activity on NA media plates to measure the effects of oil. The antimicrobial activity was tested by well diffusion method in vitro. E. sativa oil was found to be highly active against all fungal isolates tested as compared to bacterial isolates. Results showed evidence of high antibacterial activity against X. luminescens with inhibition zone of 3.1 cm. E. adhaerens and A. temperans exhibited least resistance against oil with 1.4 cm and 1.7 cm zone of inhibition respectively. The oil showed high antifungal activity in the range of 6.0-6.8cm inhibition zone against D. halodes, C. clavata, R. oryzae and A. nidulans whereas least active against F. oxysporum with 1.1cmzone of inhibition. The antimicrobial components from this oil can be used as an alternative to develop novel pesticides by replacing some chemical commercial antifungal and antibacterial for the plant diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zingiber officinale L. is a common condiment for various foods and a long history of important traditional Medicine herb for the treatment of ailments and body disorders. Soil microorganisms are very important as almost every chemical transformation taking place in soil involves active contributions from soil microorganisms. In contrast, other soil microorganisms are pathogenic to plants and may cause considerable damage to crops. Large numbers of pathogenic microorganisms are routinely found in the soil and many can infect the plant through the roots. Through the current study describes the ginger rhizome associated soilborn bacterial strains. Rhizosphere bacteria were isolated from soil around the root zones of ginger fields. This study reports results concerning the isolation and identification of bacteria on the morphological basis and biochemical analysis. Ten species of bacteria belonging to eight different genera viz., Acidovorax temperans, Arthrobacter sp., Burkholderia pseudomallei, B. cepacia , Aeromonas hydrophila, A. veronii, Cupria-viridis sp., Bacillus sp., Flavobacterium odoratum, Oscillospira sp. were isolated and processed for identification by their enzymatic activity and carbohydrates utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]