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The paper discusses socio-economic relations of the bourgeoisie and proletariat relating them to present-day contemporary Pakistani society. The paper is broken down into sections where class consciousness, struggle, and mobility are discussed in view of a Marxist framework and aligned with that of the Victorian English era and that of today's Pakistan. The present paper, therefore, employing qualitative research methods, including close reading, finds persistent class conflicts and socio-economic disparities, in unison with the struggles laid down by Dickens in his narrative. The implications of the findings strongly hint at the fact that these historical literary insights can be of substantial help in guiding socio-economic reforms within the domain of Pakistan. Future research recommendations are to point towards precise measures on how class disparities in Pakistani society could be alleviated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

War with its manifestations of horror, death and destruction has always been a recurring subject in literature. It has inspired the authors from around the world to create masterpieces depicting its aftermaths. Naguib Mahfouz's timeless novel, 'Midaq Alley' relates the story of a society struggling with the vices and virtues of its people .These poor souls resist against poverty, corruption and crime against the backdrop of World War II. Although war has been depicted as a continuous phenomenon in the novel, its effects have been described implicitly by Mahfouz. This paper focuses on Naguib Mahfouz's depiction of various characters of 'Midaq Alley' as they respond to an ongoing war in their country; it also aims to explore the social and economic effects of modernity as it strikes in the form of a foreign culture represented by Allied Forces. Though we do not witness any casualties as portrayed in other war novels, yet we observe an overall demise of morality, traditions and values of a nation, of which Midaq Alley is a microcosm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the world has been facing climate change issues in terms of global warming, heat waves, droughts, and other factors as well. Over the period, climate gradually impacts the globe, particularly in South Asia, and Pakistan is one of those countries that are directly and indirectly affected by climate change, including health, agriculture, water resources, and migration impacts. Climate change has led to extensive challenges, including droughts, heat waves, and global warming, especially in South Asia. Climate change has both direct and indirect effects on Pakistan's health, the agricultural sector, water resources, and migratory patterns. This study aims to emphasize the effects of climate change on immigration, poverty, and health challenges within Pakistan, as well as how it causes property and livelihood losses and harms social well-being. Likewise, this study uses a qualitative method to investigate the socioeconomic elements and national security challenges associated with climate change in Pakistan. It examines the factors that contribute to these effects and investigates how climate hazards serve as catalysts for displacement. The study found that Pakistan's significant reliance on agriculture, along with disastrous floods, exacerbates food insecurity, property loss, poverty, and migration. For instants It also demonstrates that people encounter difficulties while attempting to alter their agricultural techniques. Comprehensive methods and government action are required to alleviate the negative effects of climate change in Pakistan, including food security, property protection, and socioeconomic stability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study probes class disparity in Oscar Wilde’s short story The Birthday of the Infanta from the perspective of Marxism. Oscar Wilde is a prolific writer who also penned fairytales for children. Outwardly, these fairytales are bed time stories for children. In reality, they are multilayered like an iceberg providing various interpretations and meanings. They meticulously address the class discrepancy and other socio-economic predicaments of the era. One of his short stories is analyzed with the theoretical lens of Karl Marx. This study is accomplished employing Marx’s viewpoint of the Bourgeois and the Proletariat to analyze the class bigotry prevailing in the short story, The Birthday of the Infanta. Researchers in the past have conducted their research on different short stories of Oscar Wilde from Marxist perspective but this particular work has not been analyzed earlier. This study will add to the contributions made by previous researchers and it will help the future researchers to conduct research from the Marxist standpoint. This study also accentuates the class distinction existing in the era of Oscar Wilde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is of utmost importance as it delves into the intricate relationship between climate change and food insecurity in Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) member states. The prevalence of food insecurity in these states, affecting a staggering 35.8% of the population compared to the global average of 29.5%, underscores the urgent need for tailored measures. The research takes a comprehensive approach, using highalert OIC nations as case studies. It combines quantitative data analysis with qualitative case studies to explore the diverse impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity, water scarcity, and socio-economic vulnerabilities across different OIC contexts. The study's findings underscore the pressing need for adaptive strategies and policy interventions to combat the adverse effects of climate change on food security in each OIC nation. Drawing from these findings, the research proposes strategies and policy recommendations to establish a more resilient and secure food system across the OIC member states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]