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This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological and bacteriological features of bacterial strains isolated from surgical site infections (ISO) at the Niamey National Hospital. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study over a period of 24 months. All strains isolated from bacteriological samplings from patients with a surgical site infection have been identified and tested for antibiotic sensitivity according to conventional methods. The bacteriological analysis allowed the isolation of 126 bacterial strains with a predominance of S.aureus (n=39, 31%) followed by Escherichia coli (n=29, 23%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=12, 9.5%). The strains of Escherichia coli were 100% sensitive to imipenem. They showed marked ampicillin, amoxicillin, clavulanic acid and ticarcillin resistance. They had variable resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics (62% to gentamycin, and 78% to amikacin) and to fluoroquinolones (nalidixic acid 74%, pefloxacine 33%, ofloxacin 69%, ciprofloxacin 61%). All enterobacterial isolates were sensitive to imipenem. The strains of S.aureus showed resistance to penicillin G (88.6%) and oxacillin (83%). They also showed resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin (37% and 57% respectively). By contrast, they were sensitive to lincomycin and aminoglycoside antibiotics tested. In the light of these results, we believe that it will be necessary to improve prophylaxis protocol and probabilistic antibiotic therapy in the Surgical Division and to conduct periodic surveillance studies of the ISO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary tract infections due to enterobacteria producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL-E) constitute a infectious risk, a major therapeutic challenge and can even lead, in some cases, to a deadlock beacuse of their multi-resistance to antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological profile of uropathogenic ESBL-E and to describe their current level of resistance to antibiotics for a better patient management according to local data. We conducted a retrospective study of all ESBL-E strains isolated from all cytobacteriogical testing of urine (CBEU) treated in the Microbiology Laboratory at the Military Hospital of Moulay Ismail, Meknes over a period of three years (from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015). Culture was performed according to conventional techniques and antibiogram was performed using Mueller-Hinten agar disk diffusion susceptibility test according to the recommendations from the Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility of the French Society for Microbiology (CA-SFM), year 2013/2014. This study allowed to report a significant overall prevalence of isolation of ESBL-E (12.2%), particularly among hospitalized patients (54.8%). The greater prevalence (72%) was registered in the Department of Urology. Among these, ESBL-E Escherichia coli constitutes the majority (61%) of the isolates, however Klebsiella pneumoniae is the major ESBL producer (25.8%) within the same species. The analysis of ESBL-E antibioresistance conducted during these three years revealed some co-resistances to ciprofloxacin (92.5%), sulfametoxazole-trimethoprim (88.4%), gentamycin (67.2%). Globally, our results are compliant with the data from the other Mediterranean countries, except for amikacin whose resistance was very low (6.1%) in our study. This study shows that the prevalence of ESBL-E in hospital is high and that its diffusion in community setting is a matter of concern. These ESBL-E are generally resistant to antibiotics, including molecules useful in urology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Staphilococcus aureus is a leading pathogen for humans causing a variety of infections such as skin, urinary tract and lung infections as well as sepsis. This study aims to evaluate the susceptibility of community-acquired strains of Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from various pathological products, compared with major antibiotics used in Nouakchott Region (Mauritania). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 281 strains of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various pathological products from non-hospitalized patients in the National referral hospital laboratory and in two private laboratories in the city of Nouakchott between January 2014 and August 2015. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by disk diffusion method using agar containing Mueller-Hinton medium according to CA-SFM's recommendations. Results: The resistance rate to penicillin G was high (96-100%). Community-acquired MRSA rate was between 25 and 26% in suppurations, 34.3% in urine cultures and 28% in sperm cultures. Macrolide-Lincosamyne-streptogramins (MLS) resistance, giving rise to the phenotype MLSb inducible, was found in 6% of urinary strains and 27% of strains isolated from suppurations. The activity of aminoglycosides was variable, amikacin was active against all strains. Cotrimoxazole activity was low (77% had resistance) and no vancomycin resistance was reported. Conclusion: The activity of penicillin G against Staphylococcus aureusstrains isolated in Nouakchott region is almost zero and community-acquired MRSA rate is high, accounting for 34%. This could be explained by uncontrolled use of these molecules in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cette étude vise à déterminer le profil de résistance aux antibiotiques des entérobactéries isolées à l'Hôpital Général de Douala (Cameroun) et analyser leur évolution dans le temps. Méthodes: Etude rétrospective, sur une période de huit ans (2005 - 2012), portant sur l'ensemble des souches d'entérobactéries isolées chez les malades ambulatoires et hospitalisés. Les prélèvements ont été analysés au laboratoire de bactériologie de l'Hôpital Général de Douala. Résultats: Les entérobactéries étaient les germes les plus fréquents sur l'ensemble des souches isolées. Nous avons noté une prédominance dt Escherichia coii (48,5%) et de Klebsiella pneumoniae (32,8%). Pendant la période d'étude, nous avons observé des taux de résistance élevés aux principales classes d'antibiotiques, et une augmentation entre 2005 et 2012 de 29,1% à 51,6% pour les céphalosporines de troisième génération, de 29,2% à 44% pour la ciprofloxacine. L'imipénème, l'amikacine et la fosfomycine étaient les molécules les plus actives avec respectivement 1,3%, 12,9% et 13,4% des souches d'entérobactéries résistantes. Conclusion: L'évolution des résistances des entérobactéries aux antibiotiques est un phénomène réel dans la ville de Douala. Il expose à des difficultés de prise en charge thérapeutique des infections. Lamaitrise actuelle de ce phénomène est une véritable urgence et nécessite une implication des pouvoirs publics. Des tests spécifiques de recherche des bétalactamases à spectre élargi (BLSE) et AmpC doivent être mis en place dans nos laboratoires afin de mettre en évidence les différents phénotypes de résistances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]