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Spatial interactions among regional units may influence the geographical distribution of economic activities. Many traditional measures of geographical concentration fail in capturing this aspect, being insensitive to permutations of the spatial position of regions. This paper proposes an approach to the measurement of geographical concentration of economic activities that accounts for spatial interactions among regions. The locational Gini is split into spatial and non‐spatial components, so that a new interpretation of the index is presented. The measure is applied to evaluate the geographical concentration of different economic sectors for 1,323 NUTS 3 regions in the European Union over the period 2001–2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the role of the inventors' networks and the diversity of the local industrial structure for regional innovation, differentiating between regions' production of normal and breakthrough innovations. Our results suggest that, on the one hand, local related variety enhances the overall innovation rate, while unrelated variety supports the rate of breakthrough innovations. On the other hand, we find evidence that inventors' networks are determinant for regions' patenting of normal and breakthrough innovations. To do so we constructed a unique database of Italian patenting activity at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) dating back to 1972. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the influence of agglomeration and spatial sorting on wages in Brazilian cities. The empirical strategy is based on a two‐step estimation. The first step estimates a wage equation with the observed characteristics of workers and firms and location effects. The second step decomposes the location effects into employment density and fixed effects of firm and worker. We estimate an urban wage premium for a developing country with the simultaneous inclusion of worker and firm fixed effects, instrumental variables, and nighttime lights. We find agglomeration effects of 4.3–5.7%, which are larger than those obtained for developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study different determinants of the intentions of multi‐dimensional job mobility and potential consequences on the expected wage, allowing for multiple types of moves, including location, industry, and occupation, and different combinations of these three dimensions. Our results confirm that the same observable characteristics can lead to different or even completely opposite effects on job mobility intentions. To be specific, on‐the‐job seekers (compared to unemployed ones) and job seekers with management positions in their last jobs both have a higher willingness to change job locations, but they are less willing to change industries and occupations. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the relationship between job mobility and wage expectations highly depends on the combinations of different mobility dimensions. Specifically, potential geographic mobility positively impacts wage expectations, with an increase of the expected wage by 6.3%. However, changing industry, occupation, or both results in a lower expected wage by 3.7%, 1.6%, and 11%, respectively. The wage expectation of the "All change" group does not significantly differ from the cohort of non‐movers (i.e., "No change"), implying that geographic moves could only partially offset the adverse effects of switching both occupation and industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge‐intensive services firms prefer to locate in cities that provide access to rich information flows and abundant opportunities for learning‐by‐recruiting. Focusing specifically on such locations, this paper explores how innovation is associated with work experiences "collected" by employees through their recent career paths and the implementation by current employer firms of practices to manage knowledge. Strong complementarities are found using a unique Norwegian dataset: The statistical association between practices and innovation outcomes depends strongly on variety of experience‐knowledge among employees. Conversely, while said variety does not affect innovation in the absence of dedicated practices, it strongly does in their presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies individual preferences for place‐based attributes in the context of nature‐based domestic tourism trips. We examine the regional characteristics that explain tourist destination choice focusing on taste heterogeneity for distance and temperature. We examine the influence of a set of mean shifters in the marginal utilities for regional amenities, and how individuals are willing to trade distance in exchange for warmer (cooler) climates (i.e., marginal rates of substitution). Using a rich dataset of trips within Spain for nature‐based purposes, we find large heterogeneity in preferences for temperature differentials and distance, with trip purposes acting as moderators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite seven decades of development of the European Union project, on 23 June 2016, the United Kingdom, Europe and the rest of the world were surprised when the Leave campaign won the Brexit referendum, offering an extraordinary case study for researchers. We spatially disaggregate the vote share data, which allows us to explore where anti‐European sentiment took root in the UK and why. In this paper, a spatial dependence model is applied to clarify and quantify the relevance of the different dimensions—demographic, cultural/educational and economic—that play a role in explaining the rise of support for the Leave campaign. The analysis is conducted at the local level, using local authorities (LAs) as the spatial unit of analysis due to the combination of official datasets with newly generated data in the context of an EU H2020 project. A new indicator capturing the affluence of each local area relative to its close neighbours is proposed and included in the model. In general, we observe that most of the main conclusions obtained by large regions or at the national level also hold at the local scale. However, it is particularly interesting that inequalities by LAs are clearly significant, indicating a marked influence on voters' decisions that have thus far been unaccounted for. This result provides further support for the existence of, to use Andrés Rodriguez‐Pose's terminology, an even more intense "revenge of the places that do not matter" at the local scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automation risk prevails less in large cities compared to small cities but little is known about the drivers of this emerging urban phenomenon. A major challenge is that automation risk is quantified by work‐related tasks that allows for measurement through occupation, which is in turn implicitly related to local economic structure and to individual career paths. This paper examines the role of working in cities on changes in automation risk through individual career mobility. Using panel data on Swedish workers, we show that the metropolitan effect of reducing automation risk is mainly induced through inter‐firm job mobility. Separate estimates for different groups show that this effect accrues mostly to native, high‐skilled and male workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The empirical urban sprawl literature uses the closed city urban model in which population and income are exogenous. This paper considers the open city model with endogenous population and income as an alternative. The tests for single‐county urbanized areas over 1970–2010 support the open over closed city models. While point estimates differ for open city instrumental variable (IV) models when compared with closed city OLS counterparts, the open city models offer broad empirical support for the underlying neoclassical urban land use theory. In that regard, support for the theory found in the existing empirical literature using closed city models is not likely to diminish when using empirically preferred open city models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the potential incapacitation effect on various categories of crime committed by young persons. I exploit the increase in compulsory education‐work participation age from 15 to 17 in Australia's largest state. The policy primarily increased participation in schools with high enrolments in school‐based vocational education programs. By using incidents of crime, I incorporate incapacitation effects on crimes that do not lead to arrests and provide net effect of the policy. Results show substantial reduction in incidents of crime, particularly by male offenders in urban areas and suggest that the policy did not displace crime from streets to schools. Crimes against property, which are often diverted from the criminal justice system, show the largest decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional demographic change is often conceptualized as a circular process, where out‐migration continuously worsens conditions of population ageing and shrinkage. Thus, if migration acts as a consequence as well as cause of ageing, migration patterns should be influenced by the age structure of origin and destination regions. This paper analyses individual‐level migration decisions of full‐time employees across 326 German regions between 1997 and 2013 using binary choice models. The results show that individuals are more likely to migrate out of and less likely to migrate towards ageing regions. Moreover, the identified patterns are consistent with age‐selective migration reinforcing ageing processes and polarization of demographic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effect of the internet on city size distribution at a global level based on city identification in nearly 100 countries. The results show that the internet first promotes the decentralization of the national city size distribution and then promotes the concentration with an increase in the internet penetration rate. These results differ from those found in the existing literature and help deepen the understanding of the internet's impact on city size distribution by providing new evidence with more reliable data and unified city definitions. The findings also have important policy implications for predicting population distribution and planning human habitations at the national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional regions capturing local socioeconomic dynamics are a framework for territorial statistics and policy‐making. The usefulness of such statistics and policies depends on the adequateness of the regions used in the analysis. Several authors have adopted the modularity quality function to drive their regionalization methods. This function, originally devised for non‐spatial data, has limitations particularly relevant in this context. The paper discusses these limitations and illustrate them using real data for the United States. The results warn against using standard modularity to assess or optimize the quality of a functional delineation, and advocate for available alternatives that consider the spatial nature of functional regionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an ensemble predictor for the weekly increase in the number of confirmed COVID‐19 cases in the city of New York at zip code level. Within a Bayesian model averaging framework, the baseline is a Poisson regression for count data. The set of covariates includes autoregressive terms, spatial effects, and demographic and socioeconomic variables. Our results for the second wave of the coronavirus pandemic show that these regressors are more significant to predict the number of new confirmed cases as the pandemic unfolds. Both pointwise and interval forecasts exhibit strong predictive ability in‐sample and out‐of‐sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between the social capital and economic resilience of Italian provinces during the Great Recession. It focuses on social economy organizations' internal and external relational dimensions to proxy forms of bonding and bridging social capital. Through an econometric analysis, I find that indicators depicting the diffusion of volunteering and cooperative employment are positively related to a measure of resilience, confirming the hypothesis that social capital can shape local reactions to crises. I also find a negative relationship between the local resilience and social cooperatives' density, highlighting how the latter indicator does not seize virtuous forms of social capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of Uber, the world's largest ride‐hailing firm, on congestion. Drawing on data from European cities for the period 2008 through 2016, I find a negative impact of Uber on congestion. The estimated impact in the baseline regression is −3.5 percentage points, but it is higher in cities that do not impose strong regulatory restrictions to ride‐hailing services. In addition, the negative impact of Uber on congestion is only statistically significant in denser cities. The Uber effect is gradual given that its impact increases over time. Finally, I find suggestive evidence that the potential endogeneity bias underestimates the negative effect of Uber on congestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study how related variety influences firm sales. We apply an instrumental variable method (as well as the most recent plausible instrumental variable method in robustness tests) to analyze more than 600,000 firm observations in all of Japan's 47 prefectures. We find that related variety, as a kind of regional industrial structure, has a U‐shaped relationship with firm sales. This finding enriches the related variety perspective by supplementing micro‐level evidence, revealing that the "related variety–firm sales" relationship is not linear, as most prior studies have suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the determinants of welfare benefit levels within a highly fiscally decentralized context. More specifically, we analyse the role of mimicking as a driver of the institutional design of subnational government policies in the absence of federal co‐ordination and financing. Empirically, we focus on the welfare benefit programmes of Spanish regional governments during the period 1996–2015. Our results strongly support the significant role played by mimicking: regional public agents observe what their peers are doing and act accordingly, and this holds even in a context of low mobility of households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media are an important growth opportunity for firms, especially small‐sized ones operating in peripheral and lagging regions. In this paper, we investigate not only whether firms are able to take this opportunity, but also if they are able to face the challenge of adopting social media at a professional level to obtain a significant economic impact, measured in terms of exporting activities. Exploring the Italian case, our empirical study indicates that smaller firms in lagging areas are more likely to adopt social media but at the same time less likely to use them at a professional level. This reflects poor strategic targets of social media adoption and lower probabilities of entering international markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protectionist policies have often relevant effects at the regional level. This paper analyzes the impact of sugar import duties on emigration in nineteenth century Italy. Both for climatic reasons and the nature of the soil, the cultivation and processing of sugar beets was geographically concentrated. Our theoretical model illustrates how a tariff that favours local producers may affect residents' incentives to migrate abroad. Using a new set historical data, the predictions of the model are tested through quasi‐experimental methods which use the exogenous variation in sugar cultivation across areas to estimate the effect of interest. Results show that protectionism reduced the relative incentive to migrate away from sugar‐producing areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we construct a composite index that measures insularity for countries that are islands and for those that have islands. By collecting available physical data for all islands in the world, be they states or regions, we provide a novel data set of insularity along different dimensions. Three of these contribute to making insularity more or less severe: the degree of land dispersion, the remoteness and the average size of the island. We aggregate this information, weighting it by the share of insular land at the country level, and compute a measure of insularity that ranges between 0 and 100. We find that the greater burden linked to insularity is borne by islands with no territorial sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Works on regional resilience have at times borrowed from the engineering and ecological framing of system resilience. In ecological contexts, system resilience is rooted in network structure and its characteristics. Here, we empirically investigate the relationship between regional economic resilience and regional trophic characteristics across regional and national boundaries. We consider 249 NUTS2 regions across 24 countries during the 2000–2010 period. We observe strong links between regional resilience and trophic metrics borrowed from the ecological literature. Our results further highlight regional trophic characteristics as a spatially heterogeneous intermediary for feedback effects between economic structure and output of regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We focus on the extent to which polycentric urban regions can substitute for the agglomeration economies provided by large cities. Building on an open‐source software tool that helps identifying polycentric developments in urban regions, we analyse the spatial structure (in terms of size, dispersion and polycentricity) of 94 regions across 34 European countries and link this to their level of total factor productivity. We find that both more polycentric regions and more dispersed regions are associated with lower productivity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Which role do city‐regions play in European innovation network formation? We study the evolution of innovation collaborative networks in European city‐regions outlining two opposite models: in the exclusive network model city‐regions establish a closed network of innovators among themselves; in the inclusive network models city‐regions build a network of innovators which includes the peripheral regions. Employing a temporal exponential random graph model on 248 regions for the period 2000–2016, we find that the two models coexist. We conclude that in the EU the city‐regions act as both engines of generation of innovation and integrators of innovation actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the relevance of museums in promoting cultural, tourism and economic development in local territories, we investigate the influence of both spatial and non‐spatial interactions on museum attractiveness. In particular, we assess whether non‐spatial collaborations such as partnerships and networking, contribute to enhancing their level of competitiveness and if spatial dependence occurs among neighbouring museums. Additionally, we differentiate the analysis by considering various location typologies, that is, sites located in highly attractive and remote areas. Findings from this study can assist policy‐makers in designing ad hoc strategies to encourage the active role of museums in their local context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between women's political empowerment (WPE) and the quality of government (QoG) in European regions. The analysis considers both the endogeneity of the QoG and female empowerment, and their spatial interdependence. We use exogenous variation in preindustrial societal traits, legal origins, and geographic and climatic characteristics to construct instruments using random forest forecasting. To model interdependence across regions, we employ convex combinations of connectivity matrices based on geography, trade, social networks, and cultural links. Our findings show that WPE raises the QoG, and that the QoG also boosts female empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contains the methodology and main results related to the update and extension of the widest interregional input–output tables for the entire EU27, UK and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries. This work continues the outstanding effort developed in the past years regarding the estimation and analysis of different multiregional input–output (MRIO) databases at the country level (world input–output database, EXIOBASE, ICIO, FIGARO, etc.) and the MRIO tables developed for the European Union (EU) at the NUTS2 level. The main contribution consists of updating and extending the current EUREGIO collection to obtain a EUREGIO table for 2017, which will be referred (NUTS‐2 Rev.2016) for all the EU27 + UK + EFTA countries and will be embedded in the new FIGARO multicountry 2017. Such effort was developed in the context of the ESPON‐IRIE project. This article summarises the methodology used and compares the results obtained with the ones of the main benchmarks, providing an analysis of the national and regional participation in the global value chains (GVCs). The main results suggest that, on average, 65% of value added is embodied in the goods and services sold to the same NUTS‐2 region, 16% is embodied in the ones sold to regions in the same country and the remaining 20% is exported (to other countries). Exploring the heterogeneity within these figures can also be seen that the variety is higher across regions than across sectors. Our analysis suggests that, to a large extent, the heterogeneous participation of EU27 + UK + EFTA regions in the GVCs is explained by their sectoral structure more than by the regional idiosyncratic characteristics. Such results open the floor for the correct design of industrial policies, embedded in the smart specialisation paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates determinants of science and technology parks (STPs) performance in China. We estimate dynamic panel‐data models on a sample comprising 53 STPs for 2008–2018. Foreign direct investment and human capital impact labour productivity and innovation of STPs and explain differences in performance among them. We find evidence for beta‐ and sigma‐convergence of labour productivity and beta‐, but not sigma‐convergence of innovation. Our study provides novel insights for research on STPs and innovation policy regarding heterogeneity in performance of STPs, and specifically, some evidence concerning formation of "clubs" of STPs based on the city‐tier system in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smart specialisation (SS) concept requires a thorough assessment of regional capabilities and strengths to be able to define region‐specific policies to reach innovation‐led growth. The present study proposes a framework that is based on regional workplace knowledge and skills which are good proxies of regional capabilities. In this regard, it evaluates the SS priorities of regions with respect to their industry spaces built upon regional skill bases characterised by skill relatedness and skill complexity measures. By doing so, it analyses to what extent SS strategies are built on regional capabilities and strengths. It shows that regional heterogeneity plays an important role in the SS policy design. High‐income regions tend to prioritise industries in which they have enough capabilities, while low‐income regions opt for new production paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to compare the drivers of clustering of rural and urban creative industries in England. We use pre‐pandemic web‐scraped data from 154,618 creative industry organizations in England, and use a novel technique to identify 71 distinct rural creative "microclusters" of geographically proximate creative firms. We then consider the role of place‐based assets and agglomeration in the presence of microclusters at a micro‐level geography and find that the determinants of microclustering are generally consistent between rural and urban areas. On that basis we argue that policies to support creative clusters may drive rural regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the mental health consequences of rural–urban migrants in Indonesia. We use the migrant economic assimilation model applied to our individual longitudinal data specifically designed to observe migrants' performance. Compared with urban non‐migrants, this study finds that migrants' mental health conditions are persistently lower. Moreover, their mental health gap has worsened over the years since migration. Along with this pattern, we also found that migrants' earnings are persistently higher than those of urban non‐migrants, with a decline in social support. This study is expected to enrich the literature on the assimilation of internal labour migration in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In regions of meagre technology and market activities, traditional innovation metrics (patents and trademarks filed at international offices) may provide limited insight of the mechanisms of regional diversification and therefore policies, including smart specialization. We argue that in such regions, innovation activity, of lower value, can become the seed needed to grow to innovation of international calibre. We provide support by examining both domestic and international patent and trademark activity for Greece's NUTS 3 regions during 2000–2016. We further implement the principle of relatedness and show that regions with related technology (market) capabilities are more likely to exhibit new technology (market) specializations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the convergence of innovation activity across Chinese provinces and untangle how such activity has evolved between 1987 and 2020. Our study reveals which factors matter for innovation and how the significance and relative importance of different factors changed over time. To capture this evolution, we distinguish between three key time periods and identify the existence of temporal effects. We further find that depending on the time‐period, regional innovation activity in China has developed in at least three innovation convergence clubs. We offer useful insights, with theory and policy implications, of the roots of regional innovation convergence and the causes of geographical disparities in China's innovation activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between related and unrelated variety and regional development traps in 26 NUTS 2 regions across Turkey from 2014 to 2021. We propose two unique measures, DT1 and DT2, for these traps based on deviations from EU and emerging market nations. Our findings suggest a notable negative correlation between related variety and DT1, implying that increasing related variety could potentially mitigate the risk of falling into development traps. Furthermore, DT1 appeared to be more reliable than DT2 in accurately representing the risk of regional development traps, particularly in countries experiencing high growth deviations, like Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) is a simple and powerful non‐parametric machine learning algorithm that automatizes the selection of non‐linear terms in regression models. In this study, we propose using MARS in a spatial regression framework to account for potential non‐linearities and spatial effects in spatial regression models. Using a relatively large data set of 17,000 dwellings in St. Petersburg (Russia), we examine how this algorithm works. The empirical evidence shows that most explanatory variables in the spatial regression model—including the spatial lag of the dependent variable—have a non‐linear impact on the asking prices of dwellings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editors wish to express their appreciation of the following referees for reviewing manuscripts submitted to I Papers in Regional Science i . [Extracted from the article]

Drawing on "buzz‐and‐pipeline" theory, we develop a framework termed "dual‐pipelines" to discover how the local innovation capacity can benefit from transnational and domestic introduced technology. We find that the intensity of transnational and domestic patent introduction both have an inverted U‐shaped relationship with local innovation capacity. Also, the relatedness and similarity of domestic technology introduced are advantageous to local innovation. However, the transnational introduced technologies are only beneficial if they perform similarly to the local knowledge base while having no significant effect if merely showing relatedness. Finally, transnational and domestic technology introductions complement each other in promoting local innovation capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial concentration of Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs) is not a new topic in academic research. However, the analysis of this phenomenon often neglects that CCIs behave differently, due to their heterogeneity. Building on the literature on CCIs' concentration, a novel classification of CCIs is presented based on two key dimensions: heterogeneous creativity and filière. CCIs spatial concentration is tested along these two dimensions, highlighting that the location determinants differ at their intersection. Results renew the interest on CCIs' clustering and define new perspectives for policy interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce five nonparametric kriging‐type predictors for spatial data where only the variable of interest, without covariates, is recorded. The proposed methods seek to fully exploit the information contained in the spatial closeness and also in the similarity between neighbourhoods of the variable of interest. This is managed using different combinations of kernels (one or two kernels), and different combinations of distances (multiplicative and additive). The good performance of the proposed methods is shown via simulation studies and housing price prediction applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editors wish to express their appreciation of to the following referees for reviewing manuscripts submitted to I Papers in Regional Science i . [Extracted from the article]

This analysis aims to provide a comprehensive representation of the role of regional disparities in the nexus between poverty and subjective well‐being, by adding the territorial dimension to the definition of poverty conditions. We investigate the nexus using regional poverty lines, including different poverty measures and considering different life domains. The analysis focuses on Italy because of its strong regional socio‐economic disparities. Results show that the relevance of being poor on the well‐being of citizens is in general higher and significant; the intensity and severity of poverty also change for different life domains. Findings are fundamental in designing local policies against poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article assesses the competitiveness of tourist destinations, while accounting for spatial features of tourism and information on both the origin and the destination of tourists. Using a dynamic spatial panel data model with common factors within the origin‐destination framework, it explores unilateral inbound tourism flows in 110 Italian regions from 23 European origin countries over the period 2004–2017. The estimation and test results confirm the need to consider this advanced spatial econometric model. In an empirical application measuring tourism resilience of regions based on this model, the results demonstrate the importance of promoting coordinated actions between neighbouring destinations to support the attractiveness of local clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National city ranks do not describe a settlement's local and regional relevance adequately. We introduce a method to rank settlements' centrality based on travel time and settlement size. We investigate the relationship between a settlement's size, whether it is a local or regional centre, and its service endowment. The approach explains per capita service endowments in Europe well, adding nuances that national rankings do not fully capture. In addition, it establishes a characterization of service types by empirically discernible preferences in spatial scale. Finally, results suggest that service endowment in settlements can be reshuffled because of faster road connections, with services spatially concentrating in better connected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we explore the role of agglomeration economies on unemployment‐to‐work transition rates in French employment areas. Mobilizing administrative exhaustive data files from individuals registered at the employment agency, we estimate local transition rates that are independent of differences in local characteristics of job seekers. Then, observed disparities between areas are explained by population density, our measure for agglomeration effects, and some demographic and labor market characteristics. We retain econometrics models considering spatial dependency for our dependent variable but also endogeneity of our main variable of interest. We find a negative relationship between population density and unemployment to work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why are some cities more compact than others? We argue that riskier housing markets have a costlier real option; developers would require greater compensation to build now—thus, developers are being incentivized to delay, giving rise to more compact cities. We test this hypothesis cross‐sectionally for Canada's 11 largest census metropolitan areas. We interpret satellite imageries and estimate a hierarchical spatial autoregressive model to account for both the hierarchical and the spatial structure of our data. Our results show that, on average, a one‐percentage‐point increase in price risk reduces urban land coverage in the fringe by about 0.7 percentage point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effects of government spending shocks on the Italian credit market using NUTS 3 data over the sample period 2011–2018. The empirical methodology is based on a local projection IV and the identification of a public spending shock is achieved by constructing a Bartik instrument. The empirical evidence shows a mild positive effect of 1% increase in government spending relative to GDP on the growth of the volume loans relative to GDP. However, the empirical findings show that government spending does not help to ameliorate neither the "size bias," that is the financial constraints which small firms face relative to larger ones, nor the "home bias" in lending related to the process of bank consolidation in Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We observe spatial cost dependence among medium‐sized and large U.S. banks (1998Q1–2020Q4). We contribute to the literature by accounting for this using an accessible dynamic spatial econometric cost model. For a movement along a bank's output expansion path, we calculate the cost returns that spillover to/from the bank. The noticeable impacts of the 2020 COVID pandemic are on the spillover cost returns and not the own returns. These spillover returns suggest the pandemic led to the smallest (largest) banks becoming suboptimally smaller (bigger). A number of banks with high‐ranking spillover returns have geographically concentrated branches and/or specialize in particular activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to assess the socio‐economic impacts of the São Francisco River Integration Project (PISF). In order to do that, a dynamic inter‐regional computable general equilibrium model is used, called TERM‐NEPISF. An increase in investments and in the total productivity of factors in the agricultural sectors was simulated. In general, the results reveal that greater investment and increase productivity has positive effects on GDP, employment, and household consumption, with rural workers and lower‐income households benefited the most. Furthermore, the results show a negative variation of the Gini index for almost all regions, expressing reduction of regional disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inward foreign direct investment (FDI) has generally been linked to higher wages, but evidence remains sparse on the overall effects of FDI on average wages, the wage gap between skilled and unskilled labour, and inter‐industry heterogeneity. We address these issues for Mexican municipalities and industries for a period of increasing FDI and sectoral change that saw growing wage inequality. By combining two non‐experimental techniques we find that FDI in Mexico was associated with higher wages, mostly for skilled workers—but also for unskilled ones—and a widening gap between them. Effects vary both between and within industries depending on location, and they either wax or wane when the initial or incremental effects are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the different growth patterns of islands and mainland regions by looking at their tourism and territorial characteristics differences. We considered per capita income and employment growth patterns in a panel data model focused on 74 regions in seven European countries from 2008 to 2019. The results show how the importance of some growth factors, especially those related to tourism and environmental sustainability, varies between islands and mainland regions. The article suggests specific policy implications for island regions in line with the European Union guidelines. Our findings support the need to pursue different approaches to sustain growth in islands and mainland regions, particularly for the tourism industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]