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In this study, we explored the I in vitro i and I in vivo i leishmanicidal effects of compounds derived from two nitroaromatics scaffolds (4-nitrophenylacetyl and 4-nitro-1 I H i -imidazolyl). Two ( B 6 b and B 7 b ) out of the seven compounds caused a significant decline in the total number of live parasites ( 50% decrease compared to untreated parasites) with only 48 h of drug exposition. The results showed that the I in vitro i potency of the hit compounds B 6 b and B 7 b did not translate to desired I in vivo i efficacy. Keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis; in vitro experimental chemotherapy; in vivo; Leishmania amazonensis; shape-based virtual screening EN Cutaneous leishmaniasis in vitro experimental chemotherapy in vivo Leishmania amazonensis shape-based virtual screening 490 495 6 03/29/22 20220401 NES 220401 Introduction Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) comprises a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by over 20 different kinetoplastid I Leishmania i species transmitted by female sandflies (WHO, 2020). [Extracted from the article]