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This article introduces a model for evaluating the development of Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs), grounded in the balance between intellectual property protection and technology transfer. The model is applied to a phase transition taking place in Brazil, where, in accordance to the Technological Innovation Law of 2004, every Brazilian Science and Technology Centre must establish a TTO, responsible for the management of innovation processes in the institution. The model is presented through the analysis of data from twenty-nine TTOs, aiming at: 1) comparing globally the stage of development of twenty-six TTOs from the ecosystem of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil; 2) analyzing comparatively the historical evolution of four TTO (two from Brazil, one from the USA and one from Germany). The model introduced is not limited to TTO evaluation; it can be applied to study the development of innovation intermediaries in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities are sources of innovation: they may develop discoveries into marketable innovation while promoting policies that could potentially create a receptive environment for entrepreneurship. Technology transfer may occur to either the public or the private sector. In this way, universities must be involved in activities focused on transferring expertise and technology to user communities, industry, and businesses. A technology transfer office may be understood as a high performance team that guides research to business reality using different strategies. In order to suggest ways to improve communications and co-operation with industry and business community, this paper develops a reference model in which essential steps are presented to drive technology transfer offices to continuous improvement while focusing on strategic ICT planning. The model also considers the importance of training as a preparation for change as well as the creation of a knowledge base composed of case studies describing the transitions considered in each cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Th is paper presents an overview of patenting activities carried out by Brazilian public universities. Th e analysis is based on data and information collected directly at the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), at the Technology Transfer Offi ce (TTO) at each university studied, as well as at the Lattes Database from the National Research Council (CNPq). Th e main results show a signifi cant increase in the number of patents fi led by Brazilian universities in the most recent period; a geographical concentration of academic patents in the South-eastern region, mainly in the São Paulo State; the leadership of FAPESP as the main coassignee; the diff erent licensing strategies adopted by universities and the high level of academic maturity of the inventors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]