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Perioperative anxiety and distress are common in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia and increase the risk for immediate and long‐term postoperative complications. This concise review outlines key research and clinically‐relevant scales that measure pediatric perioperative affect. Strengths and weaknesses of each scale are highlighted. A literature review identified 11 articles with the following inclusion criteria: patients less than or equal to 18 years, perioperative anxiety or distress, and original studies with reliability or validity data. Although robust research‐based assessment tools to measure anxiety have been developed, such as the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, they are too complex and time‐consuming to complete by clinicians also providing anesthesia. Clinically‐based anxiety measurement scales tend to be easier to use, however they require further testing before widespread standard utilization. The HRAD ± scale (Happy, Relaxed, Anxious, Distressed, with a yes/no answer to cooperation) may be a promising observational anxiety scale that is efficient and includes an assessment of compliance. Further studies are needed to refine a clinically‐relevant anxiety assessment tool and appraise interventions that reduce perioperative distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The description of our fellowship DEI course sequence may serve as a template for other fellowships seeking to establish a formal course sequence within their own fellowship curriculum. Curriculum, diversity, education, equity, fellowship, inclusion Keywords: curriculum; diversity; education; equity; fellowship; inclusion EN curriculum diversity education equity fellowship inclusion 487 488 2 02/16/22 20220301 NES 220301 DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study. [Extracted from the article]