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Twelve stones from 11 children with urolithiasis treated in the pediatric surgical department from 1976–1981 were quantitatively analyzed by X-ray diffraction. According to clinical picture and stone analysis, the cases fell into two groups: (1) children less than 3 years of age with Proteus sp. infection and staghorn phosphate stones, and (2) children of 5 years or more with uninfected calcium oxalate stones of the renal pelvis or ureter. The quantitative analyses showed that urinary stones in children have the same main types of composition as in adults but may be less complex. The 4.5 : 1 sex distribution of male: female patients, the 33% incidence of malformations of the upper urinary tract, and the 9% frequency of recurrence correspond to figures from other reports.

Total extirpation of an ectopic ureter may sometimes be necessary, but may be hazardous to the sphincter apparatus and urinary continence. By preparing the ureter from above, cutting it a few centimeters from the orifice, and extroverting it through its orifice, total removal is possible without risk to the sphincter muscle or other involved organs. The technique is described and two case reports are presented.