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Due to population growth, there is an increase in the tendency of water resource degradation. One of the biggest polluters is the practice of dumping industrial and domestic effluents without any treatment on the watercourse. The utilization of effluents is an alternative to minimize the inadequate waste dump, thus avoiding the overload on the treatment system as well as cutting down costs and expenses. This work's objective is to evaluate the application of reverse osmosis in a food industrial effluent, in physicochemical and toxicological terms. A reverse osmosis technical application was conducted and then the effluent was examined, before and afterward, in terms of pH, Turbidity, Colouring, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Total Organic Carbon, and Total Nitrogen as well as a toxicological evaluation (Allium cepa). According to the obtained result, it can be identified that the technique of reverse osmosis showed treatment efficiency when applied to the effluent containing coloring and soy isoflavones, with regards to the physicals and chemical evaluation. In terms of toxicological evaluation, with respect to the radicular development, the treated effluent (permeate) showed a radicular growth, once the raw effluent did not develop any root. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water body, object of this study, Grande igarapé, is located in the Municipality of Boa Vista, State of Roraima, in the northern region of Brazil. The present study aims to evaluate the environmental impact caused by the contribution of substances in the igarapé and possibly in the Branco River after receiving the ETE / Boa Vista-RR effluent through the determination of physical-chemical and biological parameters (chlorophylla). In the accomplishment of this study six points of collections considered strategic to the attainment of the proposed objectives were selected. The parameters were analyzed: color, turbidity, conductivity, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, ammonia, total phosphorus, chloride, BOD5, COD, chlorophyll a. The igarapé suffers the human impact through the withdrawal of the vegetal cover, waterproofing of the ground by the occupation of the surroundings and launches of polluting agents. Through the results it was possible to confirm the impact of the discharge of the effluent on Great stream. Parameters such as phosphorus, ammonia, nitrite and chlorophyll-a have shown that the Grande stream does not have assimilation capacity, especially during periods of drought, of nutrients and contaminating species during the journey to its mouth in the Branco river. The analysis of the data obtained in its environmental amplitude shows the need to plan actions to reverse the environmental damage caused to the Great stream and its biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current scenario of water scarcity and the increasing need to protect the environment show how vulnerable nature is to human actions and retakes the importance of applying smarter water uses. For this reason, the reuse of effluents should be seen as an alternative to attenuate the imbalance generated by the lack of management of water resources. The objective of this work is to analyze the feasibility of reuse of the treated sewage in the Arrudas TEP, located in Sabará - MG, in secondary activities and non potable uses within the ETE itself or in nearby regions. For this, a bibliographical research was conducted to guide the evaluation of the effluent so that the treated effluent was in accordance with the parameters established by the Environmental Legislation and did not offer public health risks. Data were collected from the ETE for the evaluation of the effluent quality and correlation with the norms dictated by the Norms and, finally, the possible alternatives of effluent reuse were evaluated. The results clarify that it is possible, according to the class of treated sewage, to reuse for nobler purposes in order to avoid the direct discharge of the effluent into the bodies of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil has the largest commercial cattle herd in the world, consequently the generation of wastewaters in this country has enormously grown, and the absence of treatment of these residues directly affects water bodies and soil near slaughterhouses. Given the possibility of reusing wastewaters, this study aimed to examine the quality of wastewaters generated during the slaughter of cattle, in São Luís, State Capital of Maranhão, Brazil, evaluating the compliance of the current legislation regarding the discharge of wastewater and the possibility of reusing it. Thus, we carried out four bimonthly sample collections from the final effluent, obtained at the outlet of the last pond of the effluent treatment station of one of the slaughterhouses of São Luís, to evaluate its physicochemical and microbiological quality. The effluent evaluation showed that it did not meet the standards required by the current federal legislation; therefore, it is not recommended to be reused. Some improvement alternatives were suggested, which may be adopted by other local abattoirs. This study represented a contribution to the slaughterhouse sectors, aiming the strengthening of the state inspection system and expansion of discussions related to the absence of public policies, especially regarding state laws relevant to this agribusiness sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]