Search

ABSTRACT: Lymph node status is considered an important clinical prognostic factor in canine mammary carcinomas and women’s breast neoplasms. However, occult isolated tumor cells (ITCs) can be missed during hematoxylin and eosin (HE) analyses. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for cytokeratin can be used to detect carcinomatous occult ITCs in mammary drainage lymph nodes. However, brown pigments, such as hemosiderin and ceroid in lymph nodes, may hinder the search for occult metastases by IHC utilizing DAB (3,3′-diaminobenzidine) as the chromogen. The aim of this study was to identify ITCs in canine lymph nodes of cases in which it was not detectable by routine HE evaluation through IHC for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) combined with histochemistry techniques, such as Perls’ Prussian blue and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), to improve the detection of occult metastases when hemosiderin and ceroid were present in these lymph nodes. For this, 25 tubulopapillary mammary carcinomas with their respective submitted 29 regional lymph nodes, previously given as free of tumor cells by HE analyses, were selected. Mammary tumors were graduated, and vascular invasion was investigated in these tumors. The submitted lymph nodes were reevaluated in HE, looking for occult metastases. IHC for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) was used to detect occult metastases in mammary lymph nodes. Subsequently, a combined technique of IHC with Perl’s Prussian blue (for hemosiderin) or PAS (for ceroid) was performed to optimize the detection of ITCs by IHC, distinguishing them from pigments. Occult metastases were classified by their microanatomical location in subcapsular, cortical and medullary. Hemosiderin and ceroid were searched in lymph nodes and quantified as low, moderate, or high. The amount of pigments with a percentage of ITCs was also compared. Isolated tumor cells were found in 24.1% (7/29) of mammary lymph nodes. These ITCs were located mainly in subcapsular sinuses (4/7; 57.1%), followed by cortical (2/7; 28.5%) and medullary sinuses (1/7; 14.3%). There were concomitant lymph nodes with ITCs in 33.4% (2/6) of cases with vascular invasion. Hemosiderin and ceroid were present in about 90% of the 29 lymph nodes analyzed. In 42.8% (3/7) of lymph nodes with ITCs, hemosiderin and/or ceroid were in the same location as ITCs. It was found that lymph nodes in which ITCs were detected also present high amounts of hemosiderin (3/7; 42.9%) and low amounts of ceroid (5/7; 71.4%). In this study, IHC for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) was an efficient method to detect occult tumor cells. IHC combined with Perls’ Prussian blue or with PAS proved to be a helpful way to investigate the presence of occult metastases in the lymph nodes of mammary canine tumors. It allowed distinguishing hemosiderin and ceroid, respectively, from ITCs in the same slide of IHC (immunostained by DAB), favoring a more accurate analysis by pathologists, which can be useful for the oncological staging of these patients.

ABSTRACT: Obesity may be associated with the onset of mammary tumors in women. In companion animals, these data are still scarce, mainly associating the clinic of the patient with laboratory and histological findings. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory aspects of female dogs with mammary neoplasia, investigating whether they are related to obesity. Four groups of spayed or non-spayed female dogs were studied, divided into (G1) female dogs without mammary tumor and normal body condition score (BCS), (G2) female dogs without mammary tumor and obese, (G3) female dogs with mammary tumor and normal BCS and (G4) female dogs with mammary tumor and obese. BCS, canine body mass index (CBMI), blood count, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and cytopathological and histopathological examinations were evaluated. Mixed-breed animals were the most prevalent in this study (67.5%). There was a limitation regarding the use of CBMI related to body proportionality. Considering the 28 tumors evaluated, carcinoma in mixed tumor was the most prevalent malignant histological type, while adenomyoepithelioma was the most prevalent benign histological type. It was possible to conclude that obesity was not related to clinical and laboratory changes in the female dogs affected with mammary neoplasias. In addition, no relationship was noted between BCS and CBMI with the histological type or malignancy of mammary neoplasia, since the malignant histological types were the most prevalent tumors in both the ideal score group and the overweight to obese group.

ABSTRACT: Mammary tumors in female dogs are the most frequent and corresponds to half of the canine tumors. The objectives of this study were to determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of mammary tumors in female dogs and to evaluate the macroscopic characteristics of these neoformations, using 386 dogs from the “Outubro Rosa Pets” events done within the cities of Uberlândia and Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in 2015 (n=194), 2016 (n=105) and 2017 (n=87). For the determination of risk factors, the binary logistic regression test (P5cm). At least 15.4% (14/91) of the dogs had one of the regional lymph nodes increased. In conclusion, the occurrence of mammary tumors in the evaluated population was 23.6% and that age, overweight and non-realization of ovariohysterectomy are risk factors associated with the development of mammary tumors.

ABSTRACT: The result of the reaction of free radicals with biomolecules is the formation of substances with the potential of inducing oxidative damage, a condition known as oxidative stress. There are voluminous literature data reporting the association, both as a cause and as a consequence, between different diseases and oxidative stress. In this study, 144 female dogs with mammary neoplasia were analyzed. The animals were submitted to clinical evaluation for disease staging, hematological evaluation, serum biochemistry (renal and hepatic function tests), and dosage of the oxidative damage biomarker, malondialdehyde (MDA), at the time of its approach and 30 days after treatment. A control group of 100 healthy animals was also submitted to determination of serum MDA levels. The mean age of the animals affected by mammary neoplasms was 9.88±2.95 (4 to 14) years, while in healthy animals it was 2.31±1.90 years (1 to 6). Of the 144 animals, 113 (78.9%) had malignant neoplasms, and 15, 21, 46, 17 and 14 animals were in clinical stage I, II, III, IV and V respectively and the carcinoma in a mixed tumor was the most frequent histological pattern in this group (26%). Thirty-one animals were diagnosed with benign neoplasms and mammary adenoma was the most frequent histological pattern in 15 animals (51.61%). Hematological changes in the preoperative period were observed in 44 (38.9%) and 12 (38.7%) animals with malignant and benign neoplasias, respectively, and there was a positive correlation between anemia and higher levels of MDA (P=0.0008) for animals with malignant tumors. Regarding serum biochemical parameters, the most frequent alterations in animals with malignant neoplasms were elevated ALT levels in 12 animals (10.6%), creatinine in 10 animals (8.84%) and urea in eight animals (7.07%). Females with benign neoplasms presented less occurrence of changes in these parameters. In the group of healthy animals (control), the mean serum MDA values were 12.08±4.18, whereas in the pre-treatment group, mean MDA was 24.80±5.74 for bitches with benign neoplasms and 32.27±10.24 for bitches with malignant tumors. A significant increase (P

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT: Mammary tumor is the most frequent among the tumors that affect canine females, with relevant importance in veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the image characteristics of mammary tumors in female dogs, and compare different ultrasonographic techniques for neoplastic evaluation. During the experiment, 30 bitches with presence of nodular lesion in the mammary gland were used. Initially females were submitted to clinical and laboratory evaluations, and subsequent to the ultrasound examination of the tumor mass, as well as abdominal ultrasound and thoracic x-ray for the metastasis investigation. Quantitative analysis by histogram of the gray levels and categorization of the tumor masses by the BI-RADS system were performed. Later, the bitches were submitted to surgical resection of the tumors, where samples of the neoplastic tissue were collected for histopathological analysis. Carcinoma in mixed tumor showed a higher rate (33.3%), and the malignancy degree of epidermal tumors were classified in grade 1 (n=9), grade 2 (n=12) and grade 3 (n=3). Malignancy degree showed positive correlation with BI-RADS (r=0.55; P

RESUMO: Os carcinomas mamários em cães apresentam alta capacidade metastática o que confere menor sobrevida para os pacientes com este tipo de neoplasia. O fenótipo transição epitélio-mesênquima, caracterizado pela troca dos filamentos intermediários de citoqueratina por vimentina, além da perda da proteína de adesão entre células (E-caderina) está relacionado com a maior ocorrência de metástase. Diante disto, objetivou-se avaliar, por meio de imunomarcações, a expressão de vimentina, citoqueratina e E-caderina nos tumores mamários caninos e suas metástases em linfonodo, a fim de avaliar o comportamento celular frente a esta neoplasia. Foram analisados cinco casos de neoplasias mamárias primárias caninas e suas respectivas metástases em linfonodos. Foram comparadas as médias de imunomarcações do grupo de neoplasias primárias com as médias do grupo metástase. Não houve diferença estatística nas imunomarcações da citoqueratina (p=0,1407) e E-caderina (p= 0,312) entre os grupos, apesar da média de expressão da E-caderina ter sido maior no grupo de metástases. A expressão da vimentina foi maior nos sítios das metástases (p=0,0462). Conclui-se que a expressão de vimentina aumenta no foco da metástase em relação aos seus respectivos tumores primários mamários caninos, caracterizando alteração estrutural celular, conferindo um fenótipo transição epitélio-mesênquima. Além da E-caderina apresentar fortes indícios de aumento no foco da metástase caracterizando maior adesão.