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Molecular imaging evaluation of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas depends on multiple factors, such as localized versus metastatic disease, the genetic, and biochemical profile of tumors. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of these tumors outperforms Meta-Iodo-Benzyl-Guanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy in most cases. A few PET radiotracers have been studied in evaluating these patients with somatostatin receptor PET imaging and have shown superior performance compared with other agents in most of these patients. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT imaging is useful in select patients, such as those with succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit B-associated disease. Treatment strategy depends on multiple factors and necessitates a multidisciplinary approach.

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (

Recent advances in genomic profiling and sequencing of melanoma have provided new insights into the development of the basis for molecular biology to more accurately subgroup melanoma patients. The development of novel mutation-targeted and immunomodulation therapy as a major component of precision oncology, have revolutionized the management and outcome of patients with metastatic melanoma. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging plays an important role in noninvasively assessing the tumor biologic behavior, complementary to traditional tissue biomarkers, with the goal of guiding individualized treatment, and assessing response to therapy. This review summarizes the recent genomic discoveries in melanoma in the era of targeted therapy, and their implications for functional PET imaging

Gastric cancer is a disease with low survival rates and high morbidity, requiring accurate and prompt diagnosis and treatment. Although limited in the evaluation of the primary tumor as such, the metabolic information of primary tumors in an 18F-FDG PET/CT study can assist in surgical and treatment planning and differentiating gastric cancers. It detects nodal disease with good specificity and positive predictive value, thus enabling appropriate therapy for individual patients. It provides valuable information about distant metastases, altering therapy decisions. It has reasonably good performance in detecting recurrent disease and in the follow-up of patients.

Fludeoxyglucose F 18 ((18)F-FDG) PET/CT has not been shown to offer additional benefit in the initial diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, but studies show benefit of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in initial staging and patient prognosis. There is evidence for (18)F-FDG PET and (18)F-FDG PET/CT in staging and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer. (18)F-FDG PET/CT has shown promise in staging liver malignancies by detecting extrahepatic metastasis. There is evidence supporting the ability of PET/CT in predicting prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Evidence is evolving for the role of (18)F-FDGPET/CT in predicting prognosis and survival in patients with colorectal liver metastasis.

Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/computed tomography (CT) has been increasingly used in bone and soft tissue sarcomas and provides advantages in the initial tumor staging, tumor grading, therapy assessment, and recurrence detection. FDG-PET/CT metabolic parameters are reliable predictors of survival in sarcomas and could be implemented in risk stratification models along with other prognostic factors in these patients.

There is a growing body of evidence that point to the value of 18F fluoro-deoxyglucose-PET/CT in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and predicting patient-related outcomes. FDG-PET/CT changes the baseline staging (compared with CT or MR imaging), guides appropriate therapy selection, separates the responders and non-responders for therapy assessment, adds value to clinical assessment in follow-up, and predicts patient survival outcomes. FDG-PET/CT can identify the recurrences in earlier stages and individualize follow-up regimens in HNC patients. This article reviews the value of FDG-PET/CT in management strategy and survival outcome of HNC patients.

PET with fluorodeoxyglucose F 18/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) has evolved into an indispensable imaging technique in the management of patients with esophageal cancer. Staging with (18)F-FDG PET/CT is strongly associated with overall survival and certain (18)F-FDG PET/CT parameters predict patient survival. Current evidence supporting the validity of the use of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in the tumor delineation process for radiation treatment planning in patients with esophageal cancer is still limited. It is useful in determining treatment response after neoadjuvant therapy and thereby has an impact on management. (18)F-FDG PET/CT plays a role in the diagnosis of recurrent disease in patients with a background of clinical suspicion.

Gastric cancer is a disease with low survival rates and high morbidity, requiring accurate and prompt diagnosis and treatment. Although limited in the evaluation of the primary tumor as such, the metabolic information of primary tumors in an

Fludeoxyglucose F 18 ((18)F-FDG) PET/CT has not been shown to offer additional benefit in the initial diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, but studies show benefit of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in initial staging and patient prognosis. There is evidence for (18)F-FDG PET and (18)F-FDG PET/CT in staging and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer. (18)F-FDG PET/CT has shown promise in staging liver malignancies by detecting extrahepatic metastasis. There is evidence supporting the ability of PET/CT in predicting prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Evidence is evolving for the role of (18)F-FDGPET/CT in predicting prognosis and survival in patients with colorectal liver metastasis.

"Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) is used most frequently in the surveillance of iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer with increased thyroglobulin level after therapy. This article evaluates the impact of FDG-PET/CT on clinical management and the prognostic implications of a positive scan. In the studies reviewed, FDG-PET/CT changed the course of management in 14% to 78% of patients with suspected recurrence, and a positive scan was associated with poorer survival. Similar conclusions are supported in the literature for anaplastic and medullary thyroid cancers, although these are based on fewer studies on account of the lower prevalence of these subtypes."

There is a growing body of evidence that point to the value of 18F fluoro-deoxyglucose-PET/CT in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and predicting patient-related outcomes. FDG-PET/CT changes the baseline staging (compared with CT or MR imaging), guides appropriate therapy selection, separates the responders and non-responders for therapy assessment, adds value to clinical assessment in follow-up, and predicts patient survival outcomes. FDG-PET/CT can identify the recurrences in earlier stages and individualize follow-up regimens in HNC patients. This article reviews the value of FDG-PET/CT in management strategy and survival outcome of HNC patients.