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The global health emergency caused by the covid-19 pandemic has also influenced the linguistic-communicative level, both with respect to the language of the media and in terms of the strategies and choices adopted by decision makers, governments, health authorities, etc., to address the population with information about regulations aimed at behaviors to deal with the moment of danger. In this article, we continue along the line of our previous paper (see Matticchio/ Melchior 2021), in which we briefly analysed the information in Italian published on the official websites of the bilingual institutions of the Istrian Region. After a first introduction to the official bilingualim in the Istrian county, we will focus on the Italian of the pandemic by analysing possible divergent (lexical) choices in the Italian of Istria, trying, as far as possible, to understand whether they are due to the influence of Croatian or to other reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global health emergency caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has also influenced the linguistic-communicative level, both with respect to the language of the media and in terms of the strategies and choices adopted by decision-makers, governments, health authorities, etc., to address the population with information about regulations aimed at behaviors to deal with the moment of danger. In this article, we continue along the line of our previous paper (see Matticchio, Melchior 2021), in which we briefly analysed the information in Italian published on the official websites of the bilingual institutions of the Istrian Region. After a first introduction to the official bilingualim in the Istrian county, we will focus on the Italian of the pandemic by analysing possible divergent (lexical) choices in the Italian of Istria, trying, as far as possible, to understand whether they are due to the influence of Croatian or to other reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In researching the relationship between identity and language, the term 'Romanianness' describes a trend in thinking which is specific to socio-human studies and favours the comparative approach 'us' / 'them', or 'us then' / 'us now', through which identity features can be seen to change in time and space. The paper aims to discuss the linguistic dimension of Romanianness, reporting on the way in which 'language' is represented today as an element of the identity construct here called Romanianness, as compared to the initial moment of establishing the Romanian language as a national language, in the 19th century. From one historical phase to another, the Romanian state continued its centralist policies, including language related policies. What was motivated in Romania in 1859 by special historical circumstances, namely the need to quickly establish a strong and homogeneous state, with a view to gaining the allegiance of its new citizens, continued towards centralizing cultural and linguistic policies during the Communist dictatorship, and persisted even after its fall. In the period 1990-2020, in the Romanian identity landscape we witnessed the centrality of the Romanian language in the linguistic repertoire of its citizens, to the detriment of the stimulation of dialects or languages of national minorities. Over time, there has been a slight increase in ethno nationalism, as a result of the intensification of the dominant and homogenizing position of the Romanian language, as well as insufficient implementation of school multilingualism, in regions where national minorities live. With Romania's access to the European Union, multilingualism policies have not produced positive changes relevant to the 14 minority languages, while the relation of the majority of citizens to the national linguistic repertoire and to Romanianness in general preserves almost unchaged the elements of the famous Herderian triad: 'Ein Volk, ein Land, eine Sprache'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 105 Latin notarial documents of the 9th century stored in the Archive of the Badia della S.ma Trinità of Cava de' Tirreni represent a fundamental source for the history of the Langobardia minor. The language of these documents is also interesting, in that it constitutes an extraordinary field for the study of the complex linguistic and cultural phenomena that took place in the transition from Latin to the Romance varieties in Southern Italy. The questions that arise when analyzing the language of these chartae are a challenge for historical sociolinguistics, and in particular for its methods and interpretative tools. For instance, it has been shown that the language of these texts cannot be easily interpreted in the framework of classic analytic categories such as bilingualism or diglossia. From a linguistic point of view, these documents represent an important source for the study of the development of certain linguistic structures in the transition from Latin to the Romance languages. The language of these chartae is in fact a system that has some points in common both with the Latin of the previous centuries and with the subjacent Romance varieties. Though, it is also often irreducibly different from both the Latin models and the Romance outcomes. Some mechanisms of this language are more oriented towards the Latin system, some others are more oriented towards the Romance systems; many can be interpreted neither in one sense, nor in the other, and need to be interpreted within a different analytic framework. In this paper, we discuss some linguistic issues (mainly, but not only) related to the analysis of the syntax of the defensio, a very common formula in these documents, and we aim at showing that the syntax of these texts can only be interpreted in a framework in which the interactions of syntax, semantics and textuality are considered of crucial importance. Moreover, we highlight that a fine-grained linguistic analysis of the micro-variations in the linguistic realization of the formula of the defensio can provide useful information for a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the process of writing the texts of our corpus. In particular, some hypotheses on the characteristics of the formularies used by certain notaries are formulated. Finally, a discussion on the meaning of the verb antestare is also provided, with some indications of possible paths for a clear identification of the meaning of this predicate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protagonist of the attempt to form a Romanian theatre, Gheorghe Asachi translates from Italian and publishes in 1838, in Iaşi, Norma, a lirical tragedy written by Felice Romani as a libretto for Vincenzo Bellini. The present paper intends to analyze Asachi's translation in comparison with the Italian original. Taking into account the situation of the Romanian language at the time when Asachi proceeded to the translation, we cannot apply the principles of modern traductology to this analysis, but we can follow the accomplishments of the Romanian writer from the viewpoint of his faithfulness to the original and of the respect of the intentions of the Italian poet. There will also be underlined some lexical decisions that Asachi makes and that reflect his vision on the way that a translation should combine popular, regional or old elements with adaptable neologisms, without exagerations of any kind. Finally, it is important to consider that Asachi translates Norma with the purpose of having it represented in Romanian on stage. The necessity of respecting the musical phrasing is conditioning the translator but, far from being an impediment, proves Asachi's capacity to recreate into Romanian the musicality that characterizes the Italian language. The high quality in this respect of Asachi's translation is confirmed by the fact that, a year later, two Italian singers presenting in Iasi fragments of Norma, are pleased to accept the chorus interventions in Romanian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]