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Nuclear spin isomers of molecules play a pivotal role in our understanding of quantum mechanics and can have significant implications for various fields. In this work, we report the isolation and characterization of stable nuclear spin isomers as well as conformational isomers of a reactive compound, namely carbonyl diisothiocyanate. It can exist as three rotational conformers, two of which, the syn - syn and syn - anti , were observed in a pulsed supersonic jet by chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy in the 2-12 GHz frequency region. The rotational spectra of two distinct nuclear spin isomers of syn - syn -carbonyl diisothiocyanate, ortho and para , were recorded and analyzed. Experimental molecular rotational parameters for the identified rotational and nuclear spin isomers were determined, including rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants, and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants. The two nuclear spin isomers are distinguished by unique hyperfine splitting signatures in their rotational spectra as an outcome of their different nuclear spin states. The relative abundances of the two observed conformers in the gas phase were estimated from the intensity of their rotational transitions. Following detection of singly substituted rare isotopologues of the syn - syn conformer, a partial substitution ( r s ) structure was determined.

We present an investigation of the ultrafast dynamics of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluorene initiated by an intense femtosecond near-infrared laser pulse (810 nm) and probed by a weak visible pulse (405 nm). Using a multichannel detection scheme (mass spectra, electron and ion velocity-map imaging), we provide a full disentanglement of the complex dynamics of the vibronically excited parent molecule, its excited ionic states, and fragments. We observed various channels resulting from the strong-field ionization regime. In particular, we observed the formation of the unstable tetracation of fluorene, above-threshold ionization features in the photoelectron spectra, and evidence of ubiquitous secondary fragmentation. We produced a global fit of all observed time-dependent photoelectron and photoion channels. This global fit includes four parent ions extracted from the mass spectra, 15 kinetic-energy-resolved ionic fragments extracted from ion velocity map imaging, and five photoelectron channels obtained from electron velocity map imaging. The fit allowed for the extraction of 60 lifetimes of various metastable photoinduced intermediates.

Broadband microwave spectra have been recorded between 7.0 and 18.5 GHz for N -methylimidazole⋯H 2 O and 2-methylimidazole⋯H 2 O complexes. Each complex was generated by co-expansion of low concentrations of methylimidazole and H 2 O in argon buffer gas. The rotational spectra of five isotopologues of each complex have been assigned and analysed to determine rotational constants ( A 0 , B 0 , C 0 ), centrifugal distortion constants ( D J , D JK ) and parameters that describe the internal rotation of the CH 3 group. The results allow the determination of parameters in the ( r 0 ) molecular geometry of each complex. H 2 O is the hydrogen bond donor and the pyridinic nitrogen of imidazole is the hydrogen bond acceptor in each case. The ∠(O-H b ⋯N3) angles are 177(5)° and 166.3(28)° for N -methylimidazole⋯H 2 O and 2-methylimidazole⋯H 2 O respectively. These results are consistent with the presence of a weak electrostatic interaction between the oxygen atom of H 2 O and the hydrogen atom (or CH 3 group) attached to the C2 carbon atom of imidazole, and with the results of density functional theory calculations. The ( V 3 ) barrier to internal rotation of the CH 3 group within N -methylimidazole⋯H 2 O is essentially unchanged from the value of this parameter for the N -methylimidazole monomer. The same parameter is significantly higher for the 2-methylimidazole⋯H 2 O complex than for the 2-methylimidazole monomer as a consequence of the weak electrostatic interaction between the O atom and the CH 3 group of 2-methylimidazole.

Rotational spectra have been measured and assigned for four conformers of trans-urocanic acid. The acid was transferred into the gas phase through laser vaporisation of a solid sample, mixed with a neon buffer gas and then cooled through supersonic expansion. Molecules and complexes in the expanding gas jet were probed through chirped-pulse, Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy between 2.0 and 18.5 GHz. Rotational constants, A0, B0 and C0; centrifugal distortion constants, ΔJ and ΔJK; and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of the nitrogen atoms, χaa(N) and χbb(N)-χcc(N), were determined for the various conformers. Data were obtained for ten isotopologues of the conformer that was observed to yield the spectrum of highest intensity. Substitution (rs) coordinates were determined for all carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms of this conformer. Other observed spectra were assigned to conformers on the basis of excellent agreement between calculated and experimentally-determined rotational constants, and empirical observations of the relative intensities of a- and b-type transitions. The results of DFT calculations imply high barriers to the interconversion of assigned conformers.