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Background and Study Aim. Despite its increasing popularity, beach handball has not been studied in terms of physiological responses. Thus the aim of this study was to demonstrate lactate and heart rate responses as well as urine specific gravity (USG) levels and fluid intakes of female university students who competed at an international beach handball tournament. Material and Methods. Five university students who are also handball players (age: 21±1,2, body weight: 56,6±6,4, height:1,61±0,06 and BMI: 21,7±1,43) voluntarily participated in this study. Heart rate (HR), lactate level (LA) and USG were measured before each and immediately after each competition and fluid intake during competition was monitored. Results: The mean values of lactate accumulation and heart rate before and after the match were 1,4 mmol and 87,3, 5,0 and 123,9, respectively. Athletes were euhydrated before the matches (USGmean=1,018) and only presented dehydration after the second match. Conclusions. Beach handball does not result in strenuous physiological effects according to heart rate and lactate responses. Their fluid intake was not enough to eliminate dehydration. Despite fluid availability during the match they presented dehydration at the second match.

Purpose: The effects of high intensity interval exercises on antioxidant defence system are not clear. Since there is an evident lack of studies focused on oxidative stress in moderately trained males following high intensity interval training, we investigated oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPX], superoxide dismutase [SOD]) by completing a high intensity interval training program (HIITP) under hypoxic and normoxic conditions in a normobaric environment. Material: The study was carried out on moderately trained university students who had regular exercising habits. The participants completed 8-week wingate based high intensity interval training under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (2500 m.) in the normobaric environment. They were instructed to maintain their normal dietary practices during the study not to take any antioxidant containing vitamin tablets. Results: The interaction effect (time×group) for SOD (p=0.230), CAT (p=0.736), GPX (p=0.517), and MDA (p=0.596), revealed no significant change in repeated response. Conclusions: Although 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training significantly affected only SOD and GPX (p

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two-week high intensity interval training (HIIT) on aerobic and anaerobic performance of kick boxers. Material: 24 male kick boxers (age 19.39 ± 0.72 y, body mass 74.14 ± 6.22 kg, height 177.95 ± 5.29 cm) volunteered for the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. As well as routine training program, experimental group carried out Wingate-based HIIT 3 times per week for two weeks. Wingate protocol was as follow: 4 repetitions with 4 mins recovery (4X30sn all-out effort) during the first week, 5 repetitions with 4 mins recovery (5X30sn all-out effort) during the second week. In order to determine aerobic capacity, 20m shuttle run test was used while Wingate anaerobic test was used to determine anaerobic performance. Descriptive statistic was used to demonstrate mean values and standard deviation of the variables. Non-parametric Mann Whitney-U test was used to show the differences between groups. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to compare intra-groups results from pre and post-test applications. Results: There was no significant difference between groups during pre-test measurements There was significant difference in PP, MP in experimental group compared to control during the post-test measurements. There was no difference in body mass, body fat (%) and predicted VO2max in both groups between measurements. Conclusions: According to intra and inter-group results, it can be concluded that two-week Wingate-based HIIT can be used to improve aerobic and anaerobic performances of kick boxers.