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We study Dirac quasinormal modes of Schwarzschild-Anti-de Sitter (Schwarzschild-AdS) black holes, following the generic principle for allowed boundary conditions proposed in \cite{PhysRevD.92.124006}. After deriving the equations of motion for Dirac fields on the aforementioned background, we impose vanishing energy flux boundary conditions to solve these equations. We find a set of two Robin boundary conditions are allowed. These two boundary conditions are used to calculate Dirac normal modes on empty AdS and quasinormal modes on Schwarzschild-AdS black holes. In the former case, we recover the known normal modes of empty AdS; in the latter case, the two sets of Robin boundary conditions lead to two different branches of quasinormal modes. The impact on these modes of the black hole size, the angular momentum quantum number and the overtone number are discussed. Our results show that vanishing energy flux boundary conditions are a robust principle, applicable not only to bosonic fields but also to fermionic fields., Comment: 12 pages, to appear in PRD(2017), references added

Massive scalar test fields around Kerr black holes can form quasi-bound states with complex frequencies. Some of these states decay in time, but some others -- in the superradiant regime -- grow, causing a superradiant instability. Precisely at the threshold between decaying and growing modes, there exist bound states with real frequency, known as scalar clouds. Fully non-linear counterparts of these clouds have been shown to yield Kerr black holes with scalar hair. Here, we consider massive, (electrically) charged, test scalar and Proca fields on the background of Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes. By computing the quasi-bound state frequencies, we establish that no such states exist in the superradiant regime for the Proca field -- a similar behavior to that known for scalar fields. But decaying quasi-bound states with an arbitrarily small imaginary part of the frequency exist and thus which are arbitrarily long lived. In the limit of vanishing imaginary part of the frequency, the field does not trivialize and we dub the corresponding configurations as marginal (charged) scalar or Proca clouds, since they are only marginally bound. We comment on the possible existence of non-linear counterparts to these marginal clouds., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables

We investigate the superradiant instability for a charged scalar field in a $D$-dimensional small Reissner--Nordstr\"om--anti-de Sitter (RN-AdS) black hole. First, we solve the charged Klein-Gordon equation analytically by a matching method. We show that the general $D$-dimensional quasinormal frequencies depend on the relation between the angular momentum quantum number, $\ensuremath{\ell}$, and $D$. When $\ensuremath{\ell}$ is a (non-negative) integer multiple of $D\ensuremath{-}3$, i.e. $\ensuremath{\ell}=p(D\ensuremath{-}3)$, we find an analytical quasinormal frequency formula adding a purely imaginary correction to the AdS normal frequencies. This is the case for all $\ensuremath{\ell}$ modes in $D=4$. For general $D$ there are two more cases: i) When $\ensuremath{\ell}$ obeys $\ensuremath{\ell}=(p+\frac{1}{2})(D\ensuremath{-}3)$, which can occur for odd $D$, we observe that the matching method fails, since the near- and far-region solutions have different functional dependences. ii) For all other cases, the analytical quasinormal frequency formula gives a complex correction to the AdS normal frequencies. Second, we perform a numerical calculation which confirms the analytical formulas obtained with the matching method and allows us to explore the case where that method failed. In the latter case, as in the former, we verify that all $\ensuremath{\ell}$ modes for all $D$ may become superradiant, which contradicts a previous claim in the literature.

Recently, in arXiv:1110.0832, we have established that solutions of Einstein's gravity admitting foliations with a certain geometric condition are also solutions of n-DBI gravity, arXiv:1109.1468. Here we observe that, in vacuum, the required geometric condition is fulfilled by the well known maximal slicing, often used in numerical relativity. As a corollary, we establish that the Kerr geometry is a solution of n-DBI gravity in the foliation adapted to Boyer-Lindquist coordinates., 3 pages

We study the first law of thermodynamics in IR modified H\v{o}rava-Lifshitz spacetime. Based on the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, we obtain the integral formula and the differential formula of the first law of thermodynamics for the Kehagias-Sfetsos black hole by treating $\omega$ as a new state parameter and redefining a mass that is just equal to $M_{ADM}$ obtained by Myung\cite{YSM2} if we take $\alpha=3\pi/8$., Comment: 11 pages

Scalar and gravitational perturbations on Kerr-anti-de Sitter (Kerr-AdS) black holes have been addressed in the literature and have been shown to exhibit a rich phenomenology. In this paper we complete the analysis of bosonic fields on this background by studying Maxwell perturbations, focusing on superradiant instabilities and vector clouds. For this purpose, we solve the Teukolsky equations numerically, imposing the boundary conditions we have proposed in\cite{Wang:2015goa} for the radial Teukolsky equation. As found therein, two Robin boundary conditions can be imposed for Maxwell fields on Kerr-AdS black holes, one of which produces a new set of quasinormal modes even for Schwarzschild-AdS black holes. Here, we show these different boundary conditions produce two different sets of superradiant modes. Interestingly the "new modes" may be unstable in a larger parameter space. We then study stationary Maxwell clouds, that exist at the threshold of the superradiant instability, with the two Robin boundary conditions. These clouds, obtained at the linear level, indicate the existence of a new family of black hole solutions at the nonlinear level, within the Einstein-Maxwell-AdS system, branching off from the Kerr-Newman-AdS family. As a comparison with the Maxwell clouds, scalar clouds on Kerr-AdS black holes are also studied, and it is shown there are Kerr-AdS black holes that are stable against scalar, but not vector modes, with the same "quantum numbers".

We study charged Dirac quasinormal modes (QNMs) on Reissner-Nordstr\"om-Anti-de Sitter (RN-AdS) black holes with generic Robin boundary conditions, by extending our earlier work of neutral Dirac QNMs on Schwarzschild-AdS black holes. We first derive the equations of motion for charged Dirac fields on a RN-AdS background. To solve these equations we impose a requirement on the Dirac field: that its energy flux should vanish at asymptotic infinity. A set of two Robin boundary conditions compatible with QNMs is consequently found. By employing both analytic and numeric methods, we then obtain the quasinormal spectrum for charged Dirac fields, and analyse the impact of various parameters, in particular of electric charge. An analytic calculation shows explicitly that the charge coupling between the black hole and the Dirac field does not trigger superradiant instabilities. Numeric calculations, on the other hand, show quantiatively that Dirac QNMs may change substantially due to the electric charge. Our results illustrate how vanishing energy flux boundary conditions, as a generic principle, are applicable not only to neutral but also to electrically charged fields., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures