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Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurement and large eddy simulation (LES) were used to study confined isothermal turbulent swirling flows in a model dump combustor. The aim was to gain deeper understanding of the flow and turbulence structures in dump combustors and to examine the capability of LES for prediction of turbulent swirling flows. A refractive index matching technique is used in the LDV measurement to improve the near-wall data. A high-order finite difference scheme on Cartesian grids with a scale-similarity subfilter scale model is used in the LES. Turbulent inflow boundary conditions with different energy spectra, different outflow boundary conditions, and grid resolutions are tested in the LES. Three test cases with different swirl numbers and Reynolds numbers are studied in the measurements and the simulations. The Reynolds numbers range from 10 000 to 20 000, and the swirl number is varied from 0 to 0.43. With appropriate inflow, outflow boundary conditions, and fine grid resolution, the LES results are in fairly good agreement with the LDV data. The experimental and numerical results show that turbulence in the dump combustor is highly anisotropic behind the sudden expansion and in the internal recirculation zone near the axis of the combustor. Turbulence decays rapidly along the streamwise direction downstream, and the structure of turbulence depends highly on the level of inlet swirl. At low swirl numbers, turbulence is primarily generated in the shear layer behind the sudden expansion; at high swirl numbers the near axis flow becomes very unstable and vortex breakdown occurs. The shear layer near the axis of the combustor caused by vortex breakdown generates most of the turbulent kinetic energy. Large-scale motions (coherent structures) are found in the near axis vortex breakdown region. A helical flow in the guiding pipe breaks down near the sudden expansion to form a large bubble-like recirculation zone whose center moves slowly around the axis. Downstream of the bubble the core of the rotational large scale azimuthal flow motion is off the combustor axis and rotates around the axis at a frequency about 18-25 Hz (Strouhal number about 0.17-0.4). As the swirl number increases the coherent structure becomes more evident, and the internal recirculation zone moves upstream. LES successfully simulated the vortex breakdown, the internal recirculation zones and the anisotropic turbulence structures for all the swirl numbers considered. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.

The stability of a flat plate boundary layer modulated by stationary streamwise vortices was studied experimentally in the T‐324 low speed wind tunnel in Novosibirsk. Vortices were generated inside the boundary layer by means of roughness elements arranged in a regular array along the spanwise (z‐) direction. Transition is not caused directly by these structures, but by the growth of small amplitude traveling waves riding on top of the steady vortices. This situation is analogous to the transition process in Gortler and cross‐flows. The waves were found to amplify up to a stage where higher harmonics are generated, leading to turbulent breakdown and disintegration of the spanwise boundary layer structure. For strong modulations, the observed instability is quite powerful, and can be excited ‘‘naturally’’ by small uncontrollable background disturbances. Controlled oscillations were then introduced by means of a vibrating ribbon, allowing a detailed investigation of the wave characteristics. The instability...

The present study shows that surface manipulation makes it possible to suppress longitudinal vortex structures in a boundary layer, and thereby stabilize it with respect to high‐frequency traveling waves and delay the transition to turbulence. The results should be of interest for the control of transition in cross‐flow and Gortler flow.