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The properties of cylindrical and spherical ion-acoustic breathers Akhmediev breather and freak waves in strongly coupled ultracold neutral plasmas (UNPs), whose constituents are inertial strongly coupled ions and weakly coupled Maxwellian electrons, are investigated numerically. Using the derivative expansion method, the basic set of fluid equations is reduced to a nonplanar (cylindrical and spherical)/modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation (mNLSE). The analytical solutions of the mNLSE were not possible until now, so their numerical solutions are obtained using the finite difference scheme with the help of the Dirichlet boundary conditions. Moreover, the criteria for the existence and propagation of breathers are discussed in detail. The geometrical effects due to the cylindrical and spherical geometries on the breather profile are studied numerically. It is found that the propagation of the ion-acoustic breathers in one-dimensional planar and nonplanar geometries is very different. Finally, our result...

The implications of the non-Maxwellian electron distributions (nonthermal/or suprathermal/or nonextensive distributions) are examined on the dust-ion acoustic (DIA) rogue/freak waves in a dusty warm plasma. Using a reductive perturbation technique, the basic set of fluid equations is reduced to a nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The latter is used to study the nonlinear evolution of modulationally unstable DIA wavepackets and to describe the rogue waves (RWs) propagation. Rogue waves are large-amplitude short-lived wave groups, routinely observed in space plasmas. The possible region for the rogue waves to exist is defined precisely for typical parameters of space plasmas. It is shown that the RWs strengthen for decreasing plasma nonthermality and increasing superthermality. For nonextensive electrons, the RWs amplitude exhibits a bit more complex behavior, depending on the entropic index q. Moreover, our numerical results reveal that the RWs exist with all values of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio σ for nonthermal and superthermal distributions and there is no limitation for the freak waves to propagate in both two distributions in the present plasma system. But, for nonextensive electron distribution, the bright- and dark-type waves can propagate in this case, which means that there is a limitation for the existence of freak waves. Our systematic investigation should be useful in understanding the properties of DIA solitary waves that may occur in non-Maxwellian space plasmas.

Generation of nonlinear ion-acoustic waves in a plasma having nonextensive electrons and positrons has been studied. Two wave modes existing in such plasma are considered, namely solitary and rogue waves. The reductive perturbation method is used to obtain a Korteweg-de Vries equation describing the system. The latter admits solitary wave pulses, while the dynamics of the modulationally unstable wave packets described by the Korteweg-de Vries equation gives rise to the formation of rogue excitation that is described by a nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The dependence of both solitary and rogue waves profiles on the nonextensive parameter, positron-to-ion concentration ratio, electron-to-positron temperature ratio, and ion-to-electron temperature ratio are investigated numerically. The results from this work are expected to contribute to the in-depth understanding of the nonlinear excitations that may appear in nonextensive astrophysical plasma environments, such as galactic clusters, interstellar medium, etc.

Theoretical and numerical studies are performed for nonlinear Langmuir structures (soliton and shock) in a rotating weakly relativistic electron-positron magnetoplasma with background stationary positive ions. For this purpose, the reductive perturbation technique is employed to the weakly relativistic hydrodynamical electrons/positrons fluid equations and Poisson equation, obtaining extended Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation. The latter has been solved analytically. The features of the nonlinear excitations and their propagation conditions are investigated numerically. Our finding could elucidate the nonlinear electrostatic structures that propagate in astrophysical plasma situations where rotating, magnetized plasma can exist; such as polar cups region of pulsars, around active galactic nuclei, neutron stars, and white dwarfs.

By using a hydrodynamic model, Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) equation for a rotating magnetoplasma consisting of weakly relativistic electrons and positrons as well as stationary positive ions is derived. The existence condition as well as the pulse-shaped localized solution of the ZK equation are obtained. Numerical analysis reveal that the profile and the phase velocity of the nonlinear pulses are significantly affected by the ion concentration, the plasma streaming speeds, as well as the positron-to-electron temperature ratio. Furthermore, the bending instability of the nonlinear excitations is investigated using the direct-k perturbation expansion method.