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Brine shrimp lethality assay-guided separation of the MeOH extract of leaves of Physena sessiliflora, which is endemic to Madagascar, afforded eight triterpene glycosides, Physenoside S1-4 and 16-beta-[(d-xylopyranosyl)oxy]oxohexadecanyl homologues, Physenoside S5-8. Structural elucidation of these compounds was based on both spectroscopic analyses and chemical properties. Physenoside S7 and S8 have significant cytotoxic activities in the brine shrimp lethality assay.

From the arial parts of Bassia muricata, two acylated flavonoid glycosides quercetin-3-O-(6"-caffeoyl)-sophoroside and quercetin-3-O-(6"-feruloyl)-sophoroside have been isolated together with two known flavonoid glycosides quercetin-3-O-sophoroside and quercetin-3,7-O-beta-diglucopyranoside, as well as four known triterpenoidal saponins, oleanolic acid-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside, chikusetsusaponin IVa, chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester and oleanolic acid-3,28-beta-diglucopyranoside. The structures of the isolated compounds were verified by means of MS and NMR spectral analyses.

From the leaves and roots of Polyscias fruticosa, eight new oleanolic acid saponins named polysciosides A to H were isolated together with three known saponins. The structures of the saponins were established by means of spectral data, particularly NMR, which included COSY, HSQC, HMBC, HOHAHA and ROESY techniques.

The stems of Tinospora rumphii yielded clerodane type furanoid diterpene glucosides: the new rumphioside I, the known borapetosides C and F and three other compounds. Their structures were established on the basis of various spectroscopic techniques. The three compounds have physical and spectral data identical to those of the reported compounds borapetosides E, D and B, respectively. However, the positions of the lactone rings of the first two compounds and the configuration of the bond attaching the glucose moiety to C-6 of the third differ from the reported ones.

The ethyl acetate-soluble portion of the MeOH extract of Ehretia microphylla showed inhibitory activity on exocytosis in antigen-stimulated rat basophils. The bioassay-guided separation of this fraction afforded five biologically active compounds. By means of chemical and spectroscopic methods, the structures of these compounds, which include microphyllone, a unique dimeric prenylbenzoquinone, and its congeners, were elucidated.

From the roots of Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis, collected in Yunnan, China, six new oleanane-type triterpene glycosides named yunganosides A1, B1, C1, D1, E2 and F2 were isolated together with hypaphorine. The structures of these glycosides were established by spectroscopic and chemical means.