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Six undescribed withanolides were isolated and characterized during the investigation of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic constituents from the whole plants of Physalis minima L. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses (IR, UV, HR-ESI-MS, 1D-NMR, and 2D-NMR), and their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities were evaluated in vitro. All the compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory ability via inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Moderate cytotoxic activities against A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, SMMC-7721 hepatic carcinoma cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC50 values in the range of 40.01–82.17 μM were observed for these withanolides.

Two new flavonol glycosides, larycitrin 3- O - α -arabinofuranoside and syringetin 3- O - α -rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 5)- α -arabinofuranoside, together with syringetin and six known flavonol glycosides, kaempferol 3- O - α -arabinofuranoside, myricetin 3-rhamnoside and 3- O -arabinofuranoside, syringetin 3- O - α -arabinofuranoside and 3-rhamnoside, and larycitrin 3-rhamnoside were isolated from the whole plant of Lysimachia congestiflora . All structures were established on the basis of UV, MS and NMR spectral analyses.

The ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the extraction of Artemisia annua yielded 11 flavones, four flavone glycosides and two chromene derivatives. Three new compounds were isolated: quercetagetin 4′-methyl ether, 2,2-dihydroxy-6-methoxychromene and 2,2,6-trihydroxychromene.

Canthin-6-one, 11-hydroxycanthin-6-one, 11-methoxycanthin-6-one, 5-methoxycanthin-6-one, 4-hydroxy-5-methoxycanthin-6-one and canthin-6-one-3 N -oxide have been isolated from cell suspension cultures of Brucea javanica . The total yield of alkaloid produced in the cells and the medium is in excess of 2.0 mg/g dry weight of cells.