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4 results on '"Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM)"'

1. Optimizing the choice of service crops in vineyards to achieve both runoff mitigation and water provisioning for grapevine: a trait-based approach

Author

Jonathan Storkey, Elena Kazakou, Léo Garcia, Christian Gary, Gaëlle Damour, Aurélie Metay, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Rothamsted Research, Fonctionnement écologique et gestion durable des agrosystèmes bananiers et ananas (UR GECO), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), This research benefited from financial support for research activities carried out in the FertilCrop project, in the framework of the FP7 ERA-Net program CORE Organic Plus., European Project: 618107,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-ERANET-2013-RTD,CORE ORGANIC PLUS(2013), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Agroecosystem, Specific leaf area, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Vignoble, Soil Science, Growing season, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, Conservation de l'eau, Plante de couverture, Trait-based approach, Ecosystem services, Marqueur génétique, P10 - Ressources en eau et leur gestion, 2. Zero hunger, vineyard soil management, fungi, food and beverages, Plant community, Provisioning, Water provision, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Gestion du sol, services écosystémiques, Vineyard soil management, Agronomy, Soil water, Runoff mitigation, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Cover crop, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Surface runoff, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Aims : In vineyards, service crops may increase water infiltration and positively contribute to soil water refilling, but may also increase the risk of competition for water with grapevines which could impair grape yield over several years. This study aimed to test the relationships between service crop functional traits and two related services of major interest in viticulture: runoff control and water provisioning.Methods : We measured the water stock, the cover rate, along with above- and belowground functional markers of 38 plant communities after a winter growing season in an experimental vineyard, to assess relationships between service crop functional markers, runoff control and water provisioning.Results : Both aboveground and belowground functional markers were significant predictors of service provision at the community level. The plant aboveground dry matter content was positively related to soil water stocks and negatively related to the cover rate of the communities, while the specific leaf area (SLA) was positively related to the cover rate. The rooting depth and morphological root traits (specific root length and very fine root fraction) were negatively related with the soil water stock. Moreover, these results agree with ecological theories about the relationships between plant functional markers, plant ecological strategies and resources use.Conclusions : The identification of functional markers related to service provision may help us to select species or communities service crops that could perform interesting trade-offs between multiple services due to a suited combination of related markers, and provide insights for plant selection in order to breed plant varieties and cultivars with the aim of providing agroecosystem services.

Published
2020
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2. Seasonal effects of intercropping on tree water use strategies in semiarid plantations: Evidence from natural and labelling stable isotopes

Author

Xining Zhao, Gaopeng Huo, Xiaodong Gao, Shaofei Wang, Northwest A and F University, Ministry of Education of China, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (ISWC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), and This research was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (grant no. 2016YFC0400204), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41771316), the Shaanxi Innovative Research Team for Key Science and Technology (grant no. 2017KCT-15), the '111' Project (grant no. B12007), and CAS 'Youth Scholar of West China' Program (XAB2018A04).

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, Natural and stable-isotope-labelling techniques, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Water scarcity, Crop, food, Agroforestry systems, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Intercropping, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, food.food, Agronomy, Ziziphus jujuba, 13. Climate action, Extreme drought, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Water uptake patterns, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil horizon, Monoculture, Water use, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Aims: Intercropping in plantations can improve ecosystem services, but its potential effects on trees' water use and production are concerns due to increases in water scarcity related to climate change. The aim of this study was to address these concerns by exploring water uptake responses of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) trees to intercropping and extremely dry periods on the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China.Methods: Natural stable isotopes (H-2 and O-18) were analysed to characterize water use patterns of jujube trees and intercrops in the main tree and crop root overlap layer (ROL, 0-120 cm). 10% stable deuterated water was injected at three targeted depths (2, 3 and 4 m) to characterize the water uptake of jujube trees below the main root overlap layers (BOL).Results: In ROL, intercropped jujube trees obtained higher proportions of water in shallower and deeper layers than monocultured jujube trees during wet and dry periods, respectively. Proportional contributions of soil layers to the trees' water uptake were positively correlated with the layers' water amount ratios (relative to the entire profile) in intercropped orchards but not in monoculture. In some extremely dry periods, intercropping resulted in jujube trees absorbing deeper water (up to 3 m) in BOL.Conclusions: At the early stage of land-use change from plantation to agroforestry, intercrops induce jujube trees to absorb higher proportions of water from soil layers with high proportions of total water contents in ROL. The soil water in BOL is an important buffer for maintaining water supplies for tree growth in agroforestry systems in case of extreme drought.

Published
2020
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3. Unexpected phenology and lifespan of shallow and deep fine roots of walnut trees grown in a silvoarable Mediterranean agroforestry system

Author

Jean-Paul Laclau, Rémi Cardinael, Christophe Jourdan, John H. Kim, Christian Dupraz, Alexia Stokes, Amandine Germon, Zhun Mao, Iván Prieto, AgroParisTech, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, French ANR funded project ECOSFIX : ANR-2010-STRA-003-01, ADEME project AGRIPSOL (Agroforestry for soil protection), la Fondation de France, and ANR-10-STRA-0003,ECOSFIX,Services écosystémiques des racines – redistribution hydrique, séquestration du carbone et fixation du sol(2010)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Plant Science, Agroforesterie, 01 natural sciences, Saison froide, 2. Zero hunger, Phenology, Enracinement, Profil du sol, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plantation forestière, Facteur édaphique, Deciduous, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Soil horizon, Phénologie, Woody plant, Soil Science, Biology, Juglans nigra, Annual growth cycle of grapevines, Botany, Croissance, Topsoil, Soil organic matter, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Zone méditerranéenne, K10 - Production forestière, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Cycle du carbone, Racine, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Background and Aims Fine roots play a major role in the global carbon cycle through respiration, exudation and decomposition processes, but their dynamics are poorly understood. Current estimates of root dynamics have principally been observed in shallow soil horizons (2.5 m) root growth occurred at two distinct periods, at bud break in spring and throughout the winter i.e., after leaf fall. In contrast, shallow roots grew mainly during the spring-summer period. Maximum root elongation rates ranged from 1 to 2 cm day−1 depending on soil depth. Most root mortality occurred in upper soil layers whereas only 10 % of fine roots below 4 m died over the study period. Fine root lifespan was longer in thicker and in deeper roots with the lifespan of the thinnest roots (0.0–0.5 mm) increasing from 129 days in the topsoil to 190 at depths > 2.5 m. Conclusions The unexpected growth of very deep fine roots during the winter months, which is unusual for a deciduous tree species, suggests that deep and shallow roots share different physiological strategies and that current estimates based on the shortest root growth periods (i.e., during spring and summer) may be underestimating root production. Although high fine root turnover rates might partially result from the minirhizotron approach used, our results help gain insight into some of the factors driving soil organic carbon content.

Published
2015
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4. Changing the soil surface management in vineyards: immediate and delayed effects on the growth and yield of grapevine

Author

Florian Celette, Aurélie Metay, Aude Ripoche, Christian Gary, Systèmes de Cultures Bananes, Ananas, et Plantains (Cirad-Es-UPR 26 Systèmes bananes et ananas), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), ISARA-LYON (ISARA-LYON), Agence Nationale de la Recherche-(ANR, French national research agency) ANR-05-PADD-010, INRA, Languedoc-Roussillon region (France), Systèmes de Cultures Bananes, Ananas, et Plantains (UPR 26 Systèmes bananes et ananas), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and ISARA-Lyon

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, sol, sol nu, développement végétal, Perennial plant, Vegetative reproduction, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, culture associée, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, rendement, Plant Science, cropping system, 01 natural sciences, VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT, Soil management, Cropping system, SOIL SURFACE MANAGEMENT, système de culture, Cover crop, cultivated soil, 2. Zero hunger, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, viticulture, Rendement des cultures, festuca, plant development, CROP MANAGEMENT, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, vignoble, Festuca, Relation plante sol, Soil Science, vineyard, Vineyard, sol cultivé, soil, vitis vinifera, bare soil, fétuque, COVER CROP, PERENNIAL CROP, CULTURES PERENNES, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Croissance, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, grapevine, yields catches, YIELD FORMATION, relay cropping, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, culture intercalaire, vigne, Cropping, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

In a changing context, farmers adapt their cropping systems and, in this respect, the response time of the soil-crop system (changes in the soil resources and in the grapevine vegetative or reproductive development) has to be considered to maintain its agronomic performances. This is particularly true for perennial crops such as grapevine. This paper aims to analyse the short- and long-term effects of changes in soil surface management on grapevine performances. Avineyard in which bare soil inter-rows had been compared with a tall fescue intercrop since 2002 had each of these treatments split into two in 2007, with half of the intercrop being ploughed in and half of the bare soil being sown with fescue, resulting in four treatments whose effects were studied in 2008-2009. Grapevine growth, yield formation and grape quality were assessed. After intercrop destruction, grapevine vegetative growth was enhanced by the mineralization of organic matter from the first year, whereas after intercrop introduction, the competition for soil resources affected growth only in the second year. The grape yield depended on the number of bunches, elaborated the year before. One year after the change in soil surface management, the ranking of yield was as follows: permanent intercrop < intercrop destroyed < intercrop introduced < bare soil. The second year, this ranking altered (still in relation to the number of bunches) to: intercrop introduced < permanent intercrop < bare soil=intercrop destroyed. This study shows that the response times of the processes of grapevine vegetative growth and yield formation to a change in the cropping system vary from one to two years, and therefore, have to be considered carefully to manage the cropping system well.

Published
2010
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