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Pinus sylvestris from the Iberian Peninsula was biometrically compared, using needle morphological and anatomical characteristics from 15, and cone morphological characteristics from nine natural populations. Samples of Scots pine represent subspecies nevadensis and varieties pyrenaica, catalaunica, and iberica. Analyses included 25 needle and 17 cone characteristics and numerical methods (principal component analysis, discrimination analysis, agglomeration on Euclidean/Mahalanobis¿ distances). A strong differences were detected between P. sylvestris subsp. nevadensis when compared to varieties pyrenaica and iberica, and a closer relationship to var. catalaunica in needle characteristics. In cone characteristics, the differences were at a similar level. Alien individuals were found within every taxon and population. Samples from the southern part of Sistema Central had the highest level of alien individuals. The geographic pattern of differentiation resembles patterns previously revealed using molecular and isoenzymatic markers. We could not detect characteristics specific to either P. sylvestris subsp. nevadensis or varieties of P. sylvestris subsp. sylvestris., This research was financially supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Contr. No. NN303 360535) and partly by the Institute of Dendrology PAS under statutory activity., Introduction Material and methods Material Measurement procedures Statitstical analyses Results Variation and correlation of characteristics Differences between taxa Discusion Conclusion Supplemental material Disclosure statement Additional information References

We used 39 morphological and anatomical needle traits in the biometric comparisons Abies nebrodensis with A. alba and A. cephalonica. The multivariate analyses were utilised and a closer relationship of A. nebrodensis to A. cephalonica than to A. alba was detected, in contrast to what has been shown for cone characteristics.

9 p., The aim of this study was the biometrical comparison of Abies pinsapo Boiss., Abies maroccana Trab. and Abies tazaotana Côzar ex Villar from Spain and Morocco. The morphological and anatomical analysis of the needle characters of these firs revealed significant taxonomic differences. The results showed considerable distances between regions and very small differences among the Moroccan fir taxa. The examination of the needles and earlier genetic analysis did not provide evidence for distinguishing A. tazaotana at the species level