Search

[Objective] The paper was to explore the effects of plant secondary metabolite on protective enzymes and detoxification enzymes of quarantine pest Frankliniella occidentals. [Method] F. occidentals were continuously exposed to artificial diets containing nicotine from the second to fifth instars for five generations, and the effects of nicotine on protective enzymes and detoxification enzymes of larvae were determined. [Result] The activities of carboxylate esterase (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in midgut of the fifth instar larvae were significantly increased, and reached the maximum at the third generation (1.86 times and 1.59 times, respectively). Nicotine inhibited the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). With the increase of feeding generations, the inhibitory effect of nicotine weakened. Nicotine significantly increased the activities of peroxidase (POD). [Conclusion] F. occidentals will gradually adapt to the harm of plant toxins by starting its own detoxification enzyme system and regulating protective enzyme system after feeding on plant secondary substance nicotine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper was to explore the chemical and molecular mechanisms of Frankliniella occidentalis, an important quarantine pest, against toxic substances. [Method] F. occidentalis were evaluated after continuous exposure to artificial diets containing nicotine from the 2nd and the 3rd instars for five generations, to determine the larval weight, pupal weight, and larval development duration. [Result] The larval development delayed and nicotine treatment significantly inhibited the weight gain of larvae. Compared to the control, the inhibition rates of larval weight and pupal weight were declined from 45% to 20% and from 25% to 4% respectively after feeding the 2nd instars with nicotine for five generations. Nicotine delayed the larval growth and prolonged the generation duration of F. occidentalis. Nicotine showed more significant inhibitory effect on the lower instar larvae. With the increasing generations of secondary culture, the inhibitory effect of nicotine on larval weight and pupal weight was weakened. The developmental period of larvae was shortened, and the generation duration of F. occidentalis was shortened. [Conclusion] Nicotine affects the growth and development of F. occidentalis. F. occidentalis will gradually increase the adaptability to nicotine toxic substances after self-regulation for a few generations, and relieve the inhibitory effect of toxic substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper was to explore the effects of ferrum and molybdenum nutrition on root nodule and physiological growth of Vicia villosa in seedling stage. [Method] A local cultivar of Qujing city, Vicia villosa, was studied using soilless cultivation method, and the effects of ferrum, molybdenum nutrition on root nodule and physiological growth of V. villosa in seedling stage were explored by adding 0.01 mmol/L sodium molybdate and 0.2 mmol/L ferrous sulfate respectively or simultaneously in the Hoagland's nutrient solution with the removal of ferrum and molybdenum salt. [ Result] Ferrum and molybdenum significantly increased the number and weight of root nodule; the effect of single molybdenum treatment was the best, and the number and weight of root nodule in single molybdenum treatment were nearly 100% and 150% higher than that of the control. After treated by ferrum and molybdenum nutrition, the stem length and biomass of V. villosa decreased at varying levels, while root length and root shoot ratio increased significantly; the decrease extent of stem length in ferrum treatment and composite treatment was greater than that in molybdenum treatment, and the increase extent of root length in molybdenum treatment was the greatest. Application of ferrum and molybdenum fertilizer significantly improved ferrum and molybdenum content of V. villosa plants, and their soluble protein and free amino acid content increased at varying levels; single application of ferrum led to the greatest increase, while phosphorus content decreased at varying levels. The soluble sugar content of V. villosa decreased significantly at 90 d post ferrum and molybdenum application; application of molybdenum fertilizer reduced the starch content while ferrum fertilizer increased the starch content of V. villosa. Moreover, application of ferrum and molybdenum fertilizer reduced the SOD activity and enhanced the POD activity of V. villosa. [Conclusion] The application of ferrum and molybdenum fertilizer promotes the growth of root nodule and V. villosa plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper was to detect the species of endophytic bacteria in Chestnut (Castanea mollissima). [Method] The 16S rDNA-V4 region of endophytic bacteria in chestnut (sample name BL) was sequenced by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The number of sequences and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for each sample was sorted and calculated using Qiime and Mothur software. The abundance and α-diversity of species were analyzed. [Result] The number of effective sequences and OTUs were 21 167/191. The rarefaction curves showed that adequate sampling was achieved, and the number of OTUs was close to saturation. The endophytic bacteria of chestnut belonged to 10 genera, including Koribacter (3.48%), Solibacter (2.59%), Bradyrhizobium (3.57%), Rhodoplanes (7.41%), Methylobacterium (4.20%), Agrobacterium (19.73%), Kaistobacter (2.05%), Sphingomonas (18.66%), Acidovorax (35.98%), and Methylibium (2.32%). The dominant species were Acidovorax, Agrobacterium and Sphingomonas. [Conclusion] Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology provided more accurate and scientific data resources for the study of endophytic bacteria in chestnut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper was to explore the species and dynamics of moths in Wujiatang wetland park in Dianchi lake. [Method] Moths under lamps in Wujiatang wetland park were investigated and studied regularly in 2016 and 2017, and the relationship among diversity index, individual number, species richness, evenness and diversity of moth community was analyzed. [Result] A total of 138 species of months belonging to 91 genera and 13 families were collected from Wujiatang wetland park, Dianchi lake, Kunming. The dominant insects were Crambidae and Noctuidae. The relationship between species and abundance relationship of moth community conformed to the niche priority occupation model, and the diversity index was not consistent with the evenness, but consistent with the species richness. [Conclusion]The study indicated that there were less species of moths in Wujiatang wetland park, and the community was unstable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]