1. The Water to Water Cycles in Microalgae
- Author
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Michel Matringe, Dimitris Petroutsos, Marcel Kuntz, Giorgio Forti, Leonardo Magneschi, Valeria Villanova, Giovanni Finazzi, Gilles Curien, Serena Flori, Cécile Giustini, Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Fermentalg SA, Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, University of Milan, Institut de Biosciences et de Biotechnologies de Grenoble (ex-IRTSV) (BIG), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-12-BIME-0005], Region Rhone-Alpes [Cible project], Marie Curie Initial Training Network Accliphot [FP7-PEPOPLE-2012-ITN, 316427], CNRS Defi [ENRS 2013], CEA Bioenergies program, Human Frontiers Science Program [HFSP0052], Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Curien G., Flori S., Villanova V., Magneschi L., Giustini C., Forti G., Matringe M., Petroutsos D., Kuntz M., Finazzi G., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Light ,Physiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Cell Respiration ,Mehler reaction ,Plastoquinone ,Plant Science ,Water to water cycles ,Photosynthesis ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Water Cycle ,Microalgae ,Electrochemical gradient ,Photosystem ,Organelles ,biology ,Chemistry ,Electron transport ,RuBisCO ,food and beverages ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Electron transport chain ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,Biophysics ,Photorespiration ,Oxidoreductases ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthesis, light produces ATP plus NADPH via linear electron transfer, i.e. the in-series activity of the two photosystems: PSI and PSII. This process, however, is thought not to be sufficient to provide enough ATP per NADPH for carbon assimilation in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Thus, it is assumed that additional ATP can be generated by alternative electron pathways. These circuits produce an electrochemical proton gradient without NADPH synthesis, and, although they often represent a small proportion of the linear electron flow, they could have a huge importance in optimizing CO2 assimilation. In Viridiplantae, there is a consensus that alternative electron flow comprises cyclic electron flow around PSI and the water to water cycles. The latter processes include photosynthetic O-2 reduction via the Mehler reaction at PSI, the plastoquinone terminal oxidase downstream of PSII, photorespiration (the oxygenase activity of Rubisco) and the export of reducing equivalents towards the mitochondrial oxidases, through the malate shuttle. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the role of the water to water cycles in photosynthesis, with a special focus on their occurrence and physiological roles in microalgae.
- Published
- 2016