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Health systems underpin disease elimination and eradication programmes. In an elimination and eradication context, innovative research approaches are needed across health systems to assess readiness for programme reorientation, mitigate any decreases in effectiveness of interventions ('effectiveness decay'), and respond to dynamic and changing needs. The malaria eradication research agenda (malERA) Refresh consultative process for the Panel on Health Systems and Policy Research identifies opportunities to build health systems evidence and the tools needed to eliminate malaria from different zones, countries, and regions and to eradicate it globally. The research questions are organised as a portfolio that global health practitioners, researchers, and funders can identify with and support. This supports the promotion of an actionable and more cohesive approach to building the evidence base for scaled-up implementation of findings. Gaps and opportunities discussed in the paper include delivery strategies to meet the changing dynamics of needs of individuals, environments, and malaria programme successes; mechanisms and approaches to best support accelerated policy and financial responsiveness at national and global level to ensure timely response to evidence and needs, including in crisis situations; and systems' readiness tools and decision-support systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: This paper is a country case study for the Universal Health Coverage Collection, organized by WHO. Qingyue Meng and colleagues illustrate progress towards UHC and its monitoring and evaluation in China. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper by Ximena Paz Aguilera and colleagues is a country case study for the Universal Health Coverage Collection, organized by WHO. It illustrates progress towards UHC and its monitoring and evaluation in Chile. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: This paper is a country case study for the Universal Health Coverage Collection, organized by WHO. John E. Ataguba and colleagues illustrate progress towards UHC and its monitoring and evaluation in South Africa. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: This paper is a country case study for the Universal Health Coverage Collection, organized by WHO. Mabel Segbafah and colleagues illustrate progress towards UHC and its monitoring and evaluation in Ghana. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: This paper is a country case study for the Universal Health Coverage Collection, organized by WHO. Woan Shin Tan and colleagues illustrate progress towards UHC and its monitoring and evaluation in Singapore. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a country case study for the Universal Health Coverage Collection, organized by WHO. Mohamed Kouni Chahed and colleagues illustrate progress towards UHC and its monitoring and evaluation in Tunisia. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]