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Hongcun traditional dwellings are representative of Huizhou architecture in China, with distinctive cultural and architectural characteristics in terms of layout, material, decoration and other features. Research on Hongcun traditional dwellings has been a matter of ongoing interest in academic circles in China, but there has been no specific focus on the phenomena of decay affecting these structures, even though research on this aspect has the most direct impact on the conservation of traditional dwellings. In this study, abundant and comprehensive fieldwork was carried out to investigate the building information, materials and especially preservation status of traditional dwellings. Furthermore, the decay phenomena of traditional dwellings were identified and described in detail in the Masonry Components and Wooden Components sections, which are based on the collected information and the relevant guidelines. Moreover, the restoration and actual conservation practices for traditional dwellings, which were specifically both government-led and private projects, were examined. In these analyses, the main problems related to the decay phenomena investigation and intervention are systematically summarized, and corresponding solutions are proposed to ensure that optimized conservation strategies are applied to traditional dwellings in Hongcun village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]