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1. Coordinated defects in hepatic long chain fatty acid metabolism and triglyceride accumulation contribute to insulin resistance in non-human primates.

Author

Subhash Kamath, Alberto O Chavez, Amalia Gastaldelli, Francesca Casiraghi, Glenn A Halff, Gregory A Abrahamian, Alberto M Davalli, Raul A Bastarrachea, Anthony G Comuzzie, Rodolfo Guardado-Mendoza, Lilia M Jimenez-Ceja, Vicki Mattern, Ana Maria Paez, Andrea Ricotti, Mary E Tejero, Paul B Higgins, Iram Pablo Rodriguez-Sanchez, Devjit Tripathy, Ralph A DeFronzo, Edward J Dick, Gary W Cline, and Franco Folli

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by accumulation of triglycerides (TG) in hepatocytes, which may also trigger cirrhosis. The mechanisms of NAFLD are not fully understood, but insulin resistance has been proposed as a key determinant.To determine the TG content and long chain fatty acyl CoA composition profile in liver from obese non-diabetic insulin resistant (IR) and lean insulin sensitive (IS) baboons in relation with hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity.Twenty baboons with varying grades of adiposity were studied. Hepatic (liver) and peripheral (mainly muscle) insulin sensitivity was measured with a euglycemic clamp and QUICKI. Liver biopsies were performed at baseline for TG content and LCFA profile by mass spectrometry, and histological analysis. Findings were correlated with clinical and biochemical markers of adiposity and insulin resistance.Obese IR baboons had elevated liver TG content compared to IS. Furthermore, the concentration of unsaturated (LC-UFA) was greater than saturated (LC-SFA) fatty acyl CoA in the liver. Interestingly, LC-FA UFA and SFA correlated with waist, BMI, insulin, NEFA, TG, QUICKI, but not M/I. Histological findings of NAFLD ranging from focal to diffuse hepatic steatosis were found in obese IR baboons.Liver TG content is closely related with both hepatic and peripheral IR, whereas liver LC-UFA and LC-SFA are closely related only with hepatic IR in non-human primates. Mechanisms leading to the accumulation of TG, LC-UFA and an altered UFA: LC-SFA ratio may play an important role in the pathophysiology of fatty liver disease in humans.

Published
2011
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2. Coordinated Defects in Hepatic Long Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism and Triglyceride Accumulation Contribute to Insulin Resistance in Non-Human Primates

Author

Ana Maria Paez, Mary E. Tejero, Ralph A. DeFronzo, A.M. Davalli, Anthony G. Comuzzie, Francesca Casiraghi, Vicki Mattern, Franco Folli, Edward J. Dick, Amalia Gastaldelli, Raul A. Bastarrachea, Gary W. Cline, Alberto O. Chavez, Subhash Kamath, Gregory A Abrahamian, Lilia M. Jimenez-Ceja, Rodolfo Guardado-Mendoza, Devjit Tripathy, Andrea Ricotti, Paul B. Higgins, Iram P. Rodriguez-Sanchez, and Glenn A. Halff

Subjects
Male, Cirrhosis, Anatomy and Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Medicine, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Insulin, lcsh:Science, Adiposity, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Liver Diseases, Fatty liver, Fatty Acids, Animal Models, Glucose clamp technique, Lipids, Liver, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Medicine, Female, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Endocrine System, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Carbohydrate metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin resistance, Model Organisms, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Biology, Triglycerides, 030304 developmental biology, Diabetic Endocrinology, Triglyceride, Endocrine Physiology, lcsh:R, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, medicine.disease, Lipid Metabolism, Hormones, Fatty Liver, Metabolism, Glucose, chemistry, Metabolic Disorders, Glucose Clamp Technique, Linear Models, lcsh:Q, Acyl Coenzyme A, Steatosis, Insulin Resistance, Papio
Abstract

Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by accumulation of triglycerides (TG) in hepatocytes, which may also trigger cirrhosis. The mechanisms of NAFLD are not fully understood, but insulin resistance has been proposed as a key determinant. Aims To determine the TG content and long chain fatty acyl CoA composition profile in liver from obese non-diabetic insulin resistant (IR) and lean insulin sensitive (IS) baboons in relation with hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Methods Twenty baboons with varying grades of adiposity were studied. Hepatic (liver) and peripheral (mainly muscle) insulin sensitivity was measured with a euglycemic clamp and QUICKI. Liver biopsies were performed at baseline for TG content and LCFA profile by mass spectrometry, and histological analysis. Findings were correlated with clinical and biochemical markers of adiposity and insulin resistance. Results Obese IR baboons had elevated liver TG content compared to IS. Furthermore, the concentration of unsaturated (LC-UFA) was greater than saturated (LC-SFA) fatty acyl CoA in the liver. Interestingly, LC-FA UFA and SFA correlated with waist, BMI, insulin, NEFA, TG, QUICKI, but not M/I. Histological findings of NAFLD ranging from focal to diffuse hepatic steatosis were found in obese IR baboons. Conclusion Liver TG content is closely related with both hepatic and peripheral IR, whereas liver LC-UFA and LC-SFA are closely related only with hepatic IR in non-human primates. Mechanisms leading to the accumulation of TG, LC-UFA and an altered UFA: LC-SFA ratio may play an important role in the pathophysiology of fatty liver disease in humans.

Published
2011

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