1. Identification of intra-abdominal lymphatics in canine carcasses by laparoscopic fluorescence lymphography with intradermal and intrapopliteal ICG administration
- Author
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Juan A. Sánchez-Margallo, Francisco M. Sánchez-Margallo, and Maurício Veloso Brun
- Subjects
Male ,Luminescence ,Iliac Lymph Node ,genetic structures ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,0403 veterinary science ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Abdomen ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Blood and Lymphatic System Procedures ,Medicine ,Lymph node ,Routes of Administration ,Mammals ,Multidisciplinary ,Drug Administration Routes ,Physics ,Electromagnetic Radiation ,Lymphography ,Eukaryota ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Body Fluids ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Lymphatic system ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Vertebrates ,Physical Sciences ,Lymph ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,Indocyanine Green ,Injections, Intradermal ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Science ,Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures ,Thoracic duct ,Lymphatic System ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dogs ,Cadaver ,Animals ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Lymphadenectomy ,Renal System ,Staining ,chemistry ,Amniotes ,Feasibility Studies ,Laparoscopy ,Lymph Nodes ,Ureter ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Zoology ,Indocyanine green - Abstract
Objective To evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic fluorescence lymphography (LFL) using indocyanine green (ICG) via intradermal (ID) or intrapopliteal (IPP) administration in an ex vivo canine model. Methods Six thawed adult male dog carcasses were placed in the Trendelenburg position after placing three surgical ports in triangulation. ICG (0.5 mg/ml; 0.05 mg/kg) was administered to five of the carcasses (one carcass was a pilot) via ID in the left torso and IPP (right position, by surgical access) to stain the lymphatic pathway and medial iliac lymph node (MILN). Fluorescence quality, staining time, structures stained, and lymph node histopathology were assessed. Thoracic duct staining was also evaluated. Results ID administration showed staining of parts of the lymphatic pathway of the iliosacral lymph center in all cases using a single dose of ICG, with left MILN visualization in four carcasses. IPP administration showed staining of the right MILN in all cases, using a single dose in four carcasses. ICG reached the thoracic duct in one case. The two administration routes showed similar results in terms of required ICG volume, staining time, and visualization quality, although IPP was more effective in staining the MILN. Conclusions This study confirms the feasibility of staining the iliosacral lymph center (mainly the MILNs) by LFL in thawed dog carcasses via ID or IPP administration of ICG. However, the IPP route showed greater effectiveness in staining the MILN.
- Published
- 2020