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We demonstrate that SCF-KIT signaling induces synthesis and secretion of endothelin-3 (ET3) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and melanoma cells in vitro, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, human sun-exposed skin, and myenteric plexus of human colon post-fasting in vivo. This is the first report of a physiological mechanism of ET3 induction. Integrating our finding with supporting data from literature leads us to discover a previously unreported pathway of nitric oxide (NO) generation derived from physiological endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) or neuronal NOS (nNOS) activation (referred to as the KIT-ET3-NO pathway). It involves: (1) SCF-expressing cells communicate with neighboring KIT-expressing cells directly or indirectly (cleaved soluble SCF). (2) SCF-KIT signaling induces timely local ET3 synthesis and secretion. (3) ET3 binds to ETBR on both sides of intercellular space. (4) ET3-binding-initiated-ETBR activation increases cytosolic Ca2+, activates cell-specific eNOS or nNOS. (5) Temporally- and spatially-precise NO generation. NO diffuses into neighboring cells, thus acts in both SCF- and KIT-expressing cells. (6) NO modulates diverse cell-specific functions by NO/cGMP pathway, controlling transcriptional factors, or other mechanisms. We demonstrate the critical physiological role of the KIT-ET3-NO pathway in fulfilling high demand (exceeding basal level) of endothelium-dependent NO generation for coping with atherosclerosis, pregnancy, and aging. The KIT-ET3-NO pathway most likely also play critical roles in other cell functions that involve dual requirement of SCF-KIT signaling and NO. New strategies (e.g. enhancing the KIT-ET3-NO pathway) to harness the benefit of endogenous eNOS and nNOS activation and precise NO generation for correcting pathophysiology and restoring functions warrant investigation.

Purpose: To explore the association between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) score and prognosis in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-treated patients with lung cancer., Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI databases were searched up to August 1, 2024. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were the primary outcomes queried. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined, and subgroup analysis was based on pathological type [non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) vs. small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)], lines of ICIs (first-line vs. second- or further-line), and combinations of other therapies (yes vs. no)., Results: Twenty retrospective studies with 2424 participants were included. The pooled results demonstrated that an elevated SII was associated with poorer PFS (HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.49-2.21; P < 0.001) and OS (HR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.73-3.09; P < 0.001) in lung cancer patients receiving ICIs. Subgroup analysis stratified by pathological type, lines of ICIs and combinations of other therapies for PFS and OS further revealed the predictive role of the SII in ICI-treated lung cancer patients., Conclusion: Based on current evidence the SII is significantly related to prognosis and could serve as a reliable prognostic indicator in lung cancer patients receiving ICIs., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Knowledge tracing is a technology that models students' changing knowledge state over learning time based on their historical answer records, thus predicting their learning ability. It is the core module that supports the intelligent education system. To address the problems of sparse input data, lack of interpretability and weak capacity to capture the relationship between exercises in the existing models, this paper build a deep knowledge tracing model DKVMN&MRI based on the Dynamic Key-Value Memory Network (DKVMN) that incorporates multiple relationship information including exercise-knowledge point relations, exercise-exercise relations, and learning-forgetting relations. In the model, firstly, the Q-matrix is utilized to map the link between knowledge points and exercises to the input layer; secondly, improved DKVMN and LSTM are used to model the learning process of learners, then the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve function is introduced to simulate the process of memory forgetting in learners, and finally, the prediction strategies of Item Response Theory (IRT) and attention mechanism are used to combine the similarity relationship between learners' knowledge state and exercises to calculate the probability that learners would correctly respond during the subsequent time step. Through extensive experiments on three real-world datasets, we demonstrate that DKVMN&MRI has significant improvements in both AUC and ACC metrics contrast with the latest models. Furthermore, the study provides explanations at both the exercise level and learner knowledge state level, demonstrating the interpretability and efficacy of the proposed model., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Career exploration, a critical antecedent to college students' career choices and employment, offers essential guidance for their career development. However, existing research has not explored how changes in family economic stress impact career exploration. Drawing on social cognitive career theory, this study aims to deepen our understanding of the complex interplay between family economic stress and career exploration among vocational school students. We tested our hypotheses using three-time lagged data collected from 600 vocational school students studying in mainland China. As expected, family economic stress positively predicts career exploration via love of money. Additionally, both students' effective part-time behavior and teacher support were found to positively moderate the indirect relationship between family economic stress and career exploration through love of money. We attempt to highlight the broader implications of understanding the nuanced ways in which economic background shapes career exploration. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Cheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The future trend in global automobile development is electrification, and the current collector is an essential component of the battery in new energy vehicles. Aiming at the misjudgment and omission caused by the confusing distribution, a wide range of sizes and types, and ambiguity of target defects in current collectors, an improved target detection model DCS-YOLO (DC-SoftCBAM YOLO) based on YOLOv5 is proposed. Firstly, the detection rate of defects with different scales is improved by adding detection layers; Secondly, we use the designed DC module as the backbone network to help the model capture the global information and semantic dependencies of the target, and effectively improve the generalization ability and detection performance of the model. Finally, in the neck part, we integrate our designed Convolutional Block Attention Module (SoftPool Convolutional Block Attention Module, SoftCBAM), which can adaptively learn the importance of channels, enhance feature representation, and enable the model to better deal with target details. Experimental results show that the mAP50 of the proposed DCS-YOLO model is 92.2%, which is 5.1% higher than the baseline model. The FPS reaches 147.1, and the detection accuracy of various defect categories is improved, especially Severely bad and No cover, and the detection recall rate reaches 100%. This method has high target detection model efficiency and meets the requirements of real-time detection of battery collector defects., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Tang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Glioma is a highly heterogeneous and poorly immunogenic malignant tumor, with limited efficacy of immunotherapy. The characteristics of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) are one of the important factors hindering the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the immune microenvironment (IME) characteristics of glioma and predict different immune subtypes using machine learning methods, providing guidance for immune therapy in glioma., Methods: We first performed unsupervised cluster analysis on the genes and arrays of 693 gliomas in CGGA database and 702 gliomas in TCGA database. Then establish and verify the classification model through Machine Learning (ML). Then, use DAVID to perform functional enrichment analysis for different immune subtypes. Next step, analyze the immune cell distribution, stemness maintenance, mesenchymal phenotype, neuronal phenotype, tumorigenic cytokines, molecular and clinical characteristics of different immune subtypes of gliomas., Results: Firstly, we divide the IME of gliomas in the CGGA database into four different subtypes, namely IM1, IM2, IM3, and IM4; similarly, the IME of gliomas in the TCGA database can also be divided into four different subtypes (IMA, IMB, IMC, and IMD). Next, based on ML, we developed a highly reliable model for predicting different immune subtypes of glioma. Then, we found that Monocytic lineage, Myeloid dendritic cells, NK cells and CD8 T cells had the highest enrichment in the IM1/IMD subtypes. Cytotoxic lymphocytes were highest expressed in the IM4/IMA subtypes. Next step, Enrichment analysis revealed that the IM1-IMD subtypes were mainly closely related to the production and secretion of IL-8 and TNF signaling pathway. The IM2-IMB subtypes were strongly associated with leukocyte activation and NK cell mediated cytotoxicity. The IM3-IMC subtypes were closely related to mitotic nuclear division and mitotic cell cycle process. The IM4-IMA subtypes were strongly associated with Central Nervous System (CNS) development and striated muscle tissue development. Afterwards, Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) showed that stemness maintenance phenotypes were mainly enriched in the IM4/IMA subtypes; Neuronal phenotypes were closely associated with the IM2/IMB subtypes; and mesenchymal phenotypes and tumorigenic cytokines were highly correlated with the IM2 /IMB subtypes. Finally, we found that compared with patients in the IM2/IMB and IM4/IMA subtypes, the IM1/IMD and IM3/IMC subtypes have the highest proportion of GBM patients, the shortest average overall survival of patients and the lowest proportion of patients with IDH mutation and 1p36/19q13 co-deletion., Conclusions: We developed a highly reliable model for predicting different immune subtypes of glioma by ML. Then, we comprehensively analyzed the immune infiltration, molecular and clinical features of different immune subtypes of gliomas and defined gliomas into four subtypes: immunogenic subtype, adaptive immune resistance subtype, mesenchymal subtype, and immune tolerance subtype, which represent different TMEs and different stages of tumor development., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Yuan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: The slewing crane is easily affected by the wind and the manipulation level of the operator when it is working, which in turn impacts its swing angle, affects the working efficiency and safety of the crane., Objective: Toimprove the operation safety andreduce the swing angle, this study design and research the anti-swing control system for the slewing crane., Methods: Firstly, based on the Lagrange equation, the dynamic model of the crane hoisting system is established. Then, the mechanical anti-swing mechanism driven by a four-motor rope is established. Finally, based on fuzzy PID control, an anti-swing platform is established, and the performance of anti-swing control is verified., Results: Compared to no anti-swing control, the in-plane swing angle θ1 and out-of-plane swing angle θ2 of the lifting arm are reduced by 88% and 75% respectively., Conclusion: The results show that the four-motor rope-driven anti-swing mechanism can achieve better anti-swing effect, which provides an effective swing suppression method for the slewing crane in the actual operation., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Precise estimation of forest above ground biomass (AGB) is essential for assessing its ecological functions and determining forest carbon stocks. It is difficult to directly obtain diameter at breast height (DBH) based on remote sensing imagery. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately estimate the AGB with features extracted directly from RS. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of estimating AGB from crown radius (R) and tree height (H) features extracted from multi-source RS data. Accurate information on tree height (H), crown radius (R), and diameter at breast height (DBH) can be obtained through point clouds generated by airborne laser scanning (ALS) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), respectively. Nine allometric growth equations were used to fit coniferous forests (Larix principis-rupprechtii) and broadleaf forests (Fraxinus chinensis and Sophora japonica). The fitting performance of models constructed using only "H" or "R" was compared with that of models constructed using both combined. The results showed that the quadratic polynomial model constructed with "H+R" fitted the AGB estimation better in each vegetation type, especially in the scenario of mixed tall and short coniferous forests, in which the R2 and RMSE were 0.9282 and 25.30 kg (rRMSE 17.31%), respectively. Therefore, using high-resolution data to extract crown radius and tree height can achieve high-precision, global-scale estimation of forest above ground biomass., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright: © 2024 Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation's lacustrine shales in the Songliao Basin are among China's most promising shale oil reservoirs. To elucidate their pore and fractal characteristics, a comprehensive set of analyses encompassing total organic carbon (TOC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and low-temperature N2 adsorption (LTNA), Rock-Eval pyrolysis experiments and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) were conducted. Using the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) method, fractal dimensions (D) were calculated, and their relationship with pore metrics and shale compositions were explored. Two distinct fractal dimensions, D1 (0 < P/P0 < 0.5) and D2 (0.5

Background: Asthma, a prevalent chronic respiratory condition, is characterized by airway remodeling. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 has been demonstrated to participate in airway fibrosis. Furthermore, the miR-204-5p/Six1 axis significantly influences epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the function of NEAT1/miR-204-5p/Six1 in asthmatic EMT remains unclear., Purpose: This study intends to elucidate the function of NEAT1/miR-204-5p/Six1 axis in asthmatic EMT., Methods: TGF-β1 was used to induce the EMT model in BEAS-2B cells. Immunofluorescence and western blot were executed to verify the establishment of the EMT model. NEAT1, miR-204-5p, and Six1 expression levels were evaluated using RT-qPCR. The role of NEAT1 in EMT in vitro was explored by CCK8 assays and flow cytometry. The luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the interaction between NEAT1 and miR-204-5p/Six1., Results: NEAT1 expression was increased during EMT. Functional experiments showed that the knockdown of NEAT1 suppressed cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of NEAT1 decreased the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA and increased the expression of E-cadherin. Mechanistically, NEAT1 was identified as a sponge for miR-204-5p, and Six1 was found to be a direct target of miR-204-5p., Conclusion: Down-regulation of NEAT1 reduced the Six1 expression via targeting miR-204-5p to inhibit the process of EMT in asthma. This study may provide new insight to reveal the underlying mechanisms of asthma., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Objective: Research to date has not provided a clear understanding of how different grades and majors affect the physical fitness of college students. It is postulated that there are significant disparities in physical health among college students of different grades and majors. The purpose of this study was to evidence these health disparities and to engage in an extensive analysis and discussion thereof., Methods: A sample of 8,772 (2,404 boys and 6,368 girls) Chinese college students from freshman to junior years, aged 17-22, including 12 different majors in four colleges, were recruited in Jiangxi Province. All seven physical fitness indicators (body mass index (BMI), forced vital capacity, 50-m dash, standing long jump, sit and reach, upper body muscle strength, and endurance runs) were conducted for all participants. One-way ANOVA and LSD tests were conducted to compare the physical fitness scores of different grades in the same major. Independent sample t-tests were utilized to compare the differences in every physical fitness indicator for different majors. Pearson's correlations among 12 majors for every grade were conducted to study the significant corrections between the two physical fitness indicators. The body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness indicator (PFI) for college students of different grade were investigated using a nonlinear regression model., Results: The current state of physical fitness among college students is concerning, as the majority of students were barely passing (with a passing rate of 75.3%). Specifically, junior students exhibited lower scores than freshman and sophomore students across all 12 majors. From freshman to junior year, majors of music (78.01±4.58), English (79.29±5.03), and education (76.26±4.81) had the highest scores, respectively, but major art consistently scored the lowest, which were 73.85±6.02, 74.97±5.53, and 72.59±4.84, respectively. Pairwise comparisons revealed more significant differences in individual physical fitness indicators among the three grades in humanities than in sciences. Pearson's correlations showed significant correlations among seven physical fitness indicators in all three grades. PFI had a parabolic trend with BMI both for boy and girl college students in Jiangxi province., Conclusion: The physical fitness indicators of college students in Jiangxi province significantly differed in grades and majors, showing undesirable phenomena. The physical fitness of senior and humanities major college students was much weaker and needs sufficient attention. The relationship between BMI and PFI presented an inverted "U"-shaped change characteristic. Continued nationwide interventions are needed to promote physical activity and other healthy lifestyle behaviors in China., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

In dairy cattle research, in vitro assessment of innate immune function is commonly evaluated by flow cytometry via the quantitative analysis of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) functionalities specifically focusing on the capacities for phagocytosis (PC) and oxidative burst (OB). Variations in these PMN functions, however, may not only be influenced by the health status of the animals but also by technical, non-animal related factors. Our objectives were to assess the PMN viability, PC and OB capacities from blood samples collected in tubes coated with different anticoagulants (acid citrate dextrose (ACD) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)) and stored for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h at 4°C (to mimic transportation timeframe). Furthermore, we evaluated the PMN functionalities (PC and OB) in samples incubated in culture medium with glucose (7.2 mM) versus no glucose. Over five replicates, coccygeal blood samples were collected from three nulliparous Holstein heifers (5 ACD and 5 EDTA per heifer) and allocated in a refrigerated container (4°C) for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h. At each time point, PMN were isolated using gradient centrifugation. Immunolabeled PMN (CH138A) were subjected to a tricolor fluorescent staining to evaluate their viability (viable, apoptotic, and necrotic PMN). Phagocytosis and OB were assessed by incubating PMN with fluorescent beads and by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation, respectively. The effects of anticoagulant type, storage time, and presence of glucose in the culture medium on PMN viability and function parameters were fitted in mixed linear regression models. The proportion of viable PMN at 0 h was similar for ACD and EDTA (92 ± 4.6% and 93 ± 4.6%, respectively) but it decreased to 78 ± 4.6% for ACD and 79 ± 4.6% for EDTA after 6 h of storage. The proportion of viable PMN was not different between ACD and EDTA at any time point. The proportion of PMN that engulfed beads (PC percentage) and the PC median fluorescence intensity (MFI) reached their highest value after 3 h of storage compared with the other time points. However, the anticoagulant type (ACD versus EDTA) and the presence of glucose in the culture medium did not influence these PC parameters. Oxidative burst MFI was higher in PMN incubated in glucose-supplemented culture medium versus no glucose. We demonstrated that technical factors interfere with the evaluation of PMN viability and functionality, which can potentially lead to bias in the findings of a research hypothesis. To conclude, the present study showed that the optimal timeframe for performing PMN function analyses is within 3 hours after blood sampling. Furthermore, the presence of 7.2 mM glucose in the culture medium, a common concentration in formulation of cell culture medium, increases the in vitro OB capacity, potentially masking any impairments in in vivo PMN dysfunctionality., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Chandrappa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Objective: The epidemiology of COVID-19 has substantially changed since its emergence given the availability of effective vaccines, circulation of different viral variants, and re-infections. We aimed to develop models to predict 30-day COVID-19 hospitalization and death in the Omicron era for contemporary clinical and research applications., Methods: We used comprehensive electronic health records from a national cohort of patients in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between March 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023. Full models incorporated 84 predictors, including demographics, comorbidities, and receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations and anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatments. Parsimonious models included 19 predictors. We created models for 30-day hospitalization or death, 30-day hospitalization, and 30-day all-cause mortality. We used the Super Learner ensemble machine learning algorithm to fit prediction models. Model performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Brier scores, and calibration intercepts and slopes in a 20% holdout dataset., Results: Models were trained and tested on 198,174 patients, of whom 8% were hospitalized or died within 30 days of testing positive. AUCs for the full models ranged from 0.80 (hospitalization) to 0.91 (death). Brier scores were close to 0, with the lowest error in the mortality model (Brier score: 0.01). All three models were well calibrated with calibration intercepts <0.23 and slopes <1.05. Parsimonious models performed comparably to full models., Conclusions: We developed prediction models that accurately estimate COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality risk following emergence of the Omicron variant and in the setting of COVID-19 vaccinations and antiviral treatments. These models may be used for risk stratification to inform COVID-19 treatment and to identify high-risk patients for inclusion in clinical trials., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.)

Background: The association between blood eosinophils and COPD exacerbation has been controversial. This study aims to investigate whether high blood eosinophils predict the risk of COPD exacerbation across different thresholds and subgroups., Methods: PubMed, Embase and Web of science were searched for randomized controlled trial (RCT) and observational studies regarding the relationship between blood eosinophils and COPD exacerbation. Pooled risk ratio (RR) for COPD exacerbation was calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method with a random-effects model., Results: A total of 21 studies (1 RCT and 20 observational studies) with 79868 participants were included. Thresholds of high blood eosinophils including absolute counts (200, 300 and 400 cell/μL) and percentages (2%, 3% and 4%) were analyzed respectively. Pooled analyses suggested that high blood eosinophils were significantly associated with increased risk of COPD exacerbation when using the thresholds of 300 cells/μL (RR 1.21, 95%CI 1.12-1.30, P <0.001, 16 studies), 400 cells/μL (RR 1.79, 95%CI 1.41-2.28, P <0.001, 3 studies), 2% (RR 1.26, 95%CI 1.02-1.55, P = 0.030, 10 studies) and 4% (RR 1.44, 95%CI 1.05-1.96, P = 0.022, 4 studies), but not 200 cells/μL and 3% (P>0.05). Moreover, high blood eosinophils contributed to moderate-severe exacerbation of COPD by the cutoffs of 300 cells/μL (RR 1.30, 95%CI 1.16-1.45, P<0.001, 11 studies) and 2% (RR 1.33, 95%CI 1.02-1.76, P = 0.037, 8 studies). In subgroup analyses, the pooled results further showed a significant association between high blood eosinophils (especially over 300 cells/μL) and risk of COPD exacerbation among patients from Europe and Asia, and whether with stable or exacerbation phase at baseline, and regardless of the follow-up time (≤ or > 1year)., Conclusions: This study demonstrates that high blood eosinophils (over 300 cells/μL or 2%) could predict the risk of moderate-severe exacerbation of COPD in specific subgroups. However, large sample-sized, prospective, and well-designed studies are required to validate the present findings., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Based on small scale sample of accident data from specific scenarios, fully exploring the potential influencing factors of the severity of traffic accidents has become a key and effective research method. In order to analyze the factors mentioned above in the scenario of urban ring roads, this paper collected data records of 1250 traffic accidents involving different severity on urban ring road of a central city in northwest China in the past 3 years. Firstly, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model of non-parametric method is utilized to analyze the data above, and three kernel functions of linear, inhomogeneous polynomial and Gaussian radial basis are constructed respectively. Considering comprehensively 16 potential influencing factors covering the driver-vehicle-road-environment integrated system, the SVM models of above three kernel functions are verified, accuracy reaches 0.771 and F1 reaches 0.841. Then, Bayesian Optimization (BO), Grids Search (GS) and Rough Set (RS) are utilized as optimizer to adjust the parameters of Gaussian radial basis function SVM model, the performance of BO-SVM is further improved and reaches the optimum, with an average accuracy of 0.875 on the test set and a F1 of 0.886, completely outperforming the benchmark models of GS-SVM, RS-SVM, Bilayer-LSTM and BP. Finally, the sensitivity analysis method is utilized to quantify the sensitivity of the potential influencing factors to the severity of road accidents, and the backward selection method is utilized to screen the core influencing factors that influence the severity of accident, concluded that core influencing factors are age, driving mileage and vehicle type. This paper will provide reference for the analysis of the significant influencing factors for road accidents severity, and to provide theoretical support for the precise formulation of accident improvement strategies., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Fritillariae thunbergii Bulbus (FTB) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely cultivated for its expectorant, antitussive, antiasthmatic, antiviral, and anticancer properties. The yield and quality of F. thunbergii are influenced by cultivation conditions, such as the use of fertilizers. However, the optimal type of fertilizers for maximum quality and yield and underlying mechanisms are not clear. We collected F. thunbergii using raw chicken manure (RC), organic fertilizer (OF), and plant ash (PA) as the base fertilizer in Pan'an County, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province as experimental materials. The combined results of HPLC-ELSD detection and yield statistics showed that the F. thunbergii with OF application was the best, with the content of peimine and peiminine reaching 0.0603% and 0.0502%, respectively. In addition, the yield was 2.70 kg/m2. Transcriptome analysis indicated that up-regulation of the ABA signaling pathway might promote bulb yield. Furthermore, putative key genes responsible for steroidal alkaloid accumulation were identified. These results provided guiding significance for the rational fertilization conditions of F. thunbergii as well as the basis for the exploration of functional genes related to the alkaloid biosynthesis pathway., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence this work reported in this paper., (Copyright: © 2024 Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Agritainment is one of the essential aspects of rural tourism and plays an important role in the economic transformation and revitalization of rural areas. Taking 9200 agritainment resorts in China as a research object, this paper systematically uses geospatial analysis methods to analyze their spatial distribution patterns and influencing mechanisms. The results indicate: (1) All types of agritainment have a condensed distribution in space and are oriented in the northeast-southwest direction, with a central axis generally located in the Beijing-Zhengzhou-Wuhan line. (2) The distribution of agritainment is uneven across different spatial scales, and there are high-density clusters in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Sichuan-Chongqing region as the core, and sub-high-density distribution areas in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border, the southern coastal region, and the Xiangan-Jiang-Hubei border, manifesting prominent spatial distribution characteristics of large agglomeration and low dispersion. (3) Agritainment has a significant positive spatial autocorrelation. The Matthew effect is highly significant in space. The distribution of cold hot spots in the agritainment space shows a distribution pattern of "hot in the south and cold in the north." (4) The spatial distribution of agritainment is influenced by human factors such as society, economy, and the tourism industry as well as natural factors such as terrain, water systems, and climate. The intensity of influence of first-level human factors on the spatial distribution of agritainment ranks as follows: tourism industry factors (0.69) > social factors (0.37) > economic factors (0.30). The natural distribution of agritainment tends to be in humid plain and hilly areas with an altitude below 1000 m and annual precipitation above 800 mm. Agritainment is mainly distributed in the subtropical monsoon climate area adjacent to rivers. The research findings offer valuable insights for optimizing the spatial distribution pattern of agritainment in China, promoting the high-quality development of agritainment, and the sustainable development of rural tourism., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Zhu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Traffic signs detection is an important and challenging task in intelligent driving perception system. This paper proposes an improved lightweight traffic signs detection framework based on YOLOv5. Firstly, the YOLOv5's backbone is replaced with ShuffleNet v2, which simplifies the calculation complexity and reduces the parameters of backbone network. Secondly, aiming at the problem of inconspicuous traffic sign characteristics in complex road environment, we use the CA attention mechanism in this paper to improve the saliency of the object. Finally, aiming at the large-scale difference between the traffic signs and the high proportion of small objects, we design the BCS-FPN to fuse multi-scale features and improve the representation ability of the small-scale objects. The TT-100K dataset is also analyzed and the dataset is collated. We test on the collated TT-100K dataset for the improved YOLOv5 in this paper. And the results show that compared with YOLOv5s, the mAP of our algorithm is equivalent to that of YOLOv5s, and the speed is improved by 20.8%. This paper also has carried on the experiment on embedded devices, experimental results show that our framework in computing power less embedded devices has a better effect., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Cognitive and social-emotional development in the first three years of life is associated with later skills. However, little is known about the paths of developmental delays in both cognitive and social-emotional skills before age 3 or to what extent these paths predict later developmental outcomes. The aim of this study is to examine the associations between the different paths of developmental delays in both cognitive and social-emotional skills of children before age 3 and the levels of development of the children when they are preschool age. Using a longitudinal data collected at three time points from 1245 children and their caregivers in rural China, we identified four different paths of developmental delays in cognitive and social-emotional before age 3 and examined how these paths are associated with different levels of developmental outcomes at preschool age. We used a non-parametric standardization approach and an ordinary least squares model to perform our analyses. Findings show that rates of developmental delays in either cognitive or social-emotional domain or both domains are high at all different time points, ranging from 20% to 55% for cognitive delays and 42% to 61% for social-emotional delays. Over half of children experienced deteriorating levels of either cognitive or social-emotional development before age 3. A large share of children was found to be persistently delayed in either domain. Only a small share of children raised their levels of development in either domain before age 3. In addition, we identified certain socioeconomic status of the family that are associated with never or deteriorating path of child developmental delays. More importantly, we revealed that different paths of developmental delays before age 3 have predictive power on different levels of developmental outcomes at preschool age. Our results suggest that actions are needed at the earliest times to improve child development when children are still infants or toddlers., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Introduction: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is an emotional disease characterized by loss of interest and depression after a stroke. Acupuncture, one of the most critical non-drug therapies for the treatment of PSD, has significant clinical efficacy, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Previous study has shown that acupuncture can reduce the level of proinflammatory cytokines and increase the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that regulating the dynamic balance of inflammatory cytokines may be the basis for acupuncture to improve PSD symptoms., Methods and Analysis: A total of 84 patients with PSD will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of two groups at a 1:1 ratio. Based on the conventional stroke treatment, the control group will receive XingnaoKaiqiao (XNKQ) acupuncture, and the experimental group will receive antidepressant acupuncture at the same time as XNKQ acupuncture. The intervention will last four weeks, and data will be collected before and after treatment. The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-17) is the primary outcome measure, and the secondary outcome measures include the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), the National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Serum IL-1β, IL-4, 5-HT, and BDNF will be used as laboratory indicators. The scales will be assessed at baseline, two weeks, and four weeks, and serum items will be measured at baseline and four weeks after treatment. This study will observe the clinical effect of acupuncture on PSD and the changes in serum-related inflammatory cytokines and explore the possible mechanism of acupuncture against depression from the perspective of inflammatory response., Ethics and Dissemination: This study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (item number: TYLL2023[Z]004). Findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

In order to study the tensile properties of rock-concrete composite disc specimens with different roughness, the surface of the gray-white sand specimen was artificially grooved, and six different roughness were configured. The test results show that the roughness size and roughness mode jointly control the tensile strength of the rock-concrete interface. With the increase of roughness, the tensile strength of the sample changes from the initial decrease to the increase and then decrease, and the tensile strength reaches the highest when the roughness is f3. The variation trend of pre-peak energy accumulation and post-peak energy accumulation of the sample is opposite, and the dissipation energy is closely related to the crack propagation strain. The roughness and crack closure strain, crack peak strain, crack propagation strain and crack closure stress show a sinusoidal periodic variation. The crack propagation strain is closely related to the change of dissipation energy. The change trend of crack closure stress is basically consistent with the change trend of tensile strength. Therefore, in the actual project, grasping the period of roughness variation and selecting the construction position can make the rock-concrete interface stable and get twice the result with half the effort., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Plants have developed precise defense mechanisms against cadmium (Cd) stress, with vacuolar compartmentalization of Cd2+ being a crucial process in Cd detoxification. The transport of Cd into vacuoles by these cation / H+ antiporters is powered by the pH gradient created by proton pumps. In this study, the full-length cDNA of a vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) gene from Boehmeria nivea (ramie), BnVP1, was isolated using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The open reading frame (ORF) of BnVP1 is 2292 bp, encoding a 763 amino acid V-PPase protein with 15 predicted transmembrane domains. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that BnVP1 belongs to the Type I V-PPase family. Quantitative RT-PCR assays demonstrated that BnVP1 expression was significantly higher in ramie roots than in shoots. Cd treatments markedly induced BnVP1 expression in both roots and leaves of ramie seedlings, with a more pronounced effect in roots. Additionally, BnVP1 expression was significantly upregulated by the plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Heterologous expression of BnVP1 in transgenic Arabidopsis significantly enhanced V-PPase activity in the roots. The growth performance, root elongation, and total chlorophyll content of transgenic plants with high tonoplast H+-PPase (V-PPase) activity were superior to those of wild-type plants. Overexpression of BnVP1 reduced membrane lipid peroxidation and ion leakage, and significantly increased Cd accumulation in the roots of transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. This study provides new genetic resources for the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated farmland., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Zhu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

China is at a critical moment of transforming high-speed development to high-quality development, and it is significant to improve the efficiency of green technological innovation. In this paper, under the perspective of two-stage innovation value chain, we construct the evaluation index system of green technology innovation efficiency, adopt the super efficiency SBM model to measure the green technology innovation efficiency of China's high-tech industries, and based on the results obtained, we assume the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method (fs-QCA) based on the group theory to explore the complex causal mechanism and grouping paths of the interaction between enterprises, government and market that affects the green technology innovation efficiency Mechanism and group path. The study results show that (1) enterprise, government, and market are not necessary conditions to influence the efficiency of green technological innovation, and even if a particular party plays a central role, it needs the assistance of other parties. (2) The improvement of green technological innovation efficiency requires the interaction of enterprises, government, and market, and even if any party does not have the core conditions, it can still produce high green technological innovation efficiency. (3) The path of the "innovative compensation" effect is identified, which indicates that enterprises will generate a high level of green innovation efficiency under sufficient investment brought about by the enterprise scale effect and matched with a good level of economic development. (4) The market economy-led pathway suggests that when the market economy is highly developed, firms do not need environmental regulation and government support to generate efficient levels of green technological innovation., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) is a surrogate index to estimate insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine the association between METS-IR and regression to normoglycemia in Chinese adults with prediabetes., Methods: A total of 15,415 Chinese adults with prediabetes defined by their fasting blood glucose were included in this retrospective study. The association between METS-IR and regression to normoglycemia from prediabetes was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. A Cox proportional hazards regression with cubic spline function was performed to explore the nonlinear association between METS-IR and regression to normoglycemia. Kaplan-Meier curves was used to describe the probability of regression to normoglycemia from prediabetes., Results: In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, the increase in METS-IR was independently associated with a reduced probability of regression to normoglycemia from prediabetes (all p < 0.01 in models 1-3). A nonlinear association between METS-IR and the probability of regression to normoglycemia was observed, with an inflection point of 49.3. The hazard ratio on the left side of the inflection point was 0.965 (95% CI 0.953-0.976). Subgroup analyses demonstrated the robustness of our findings., Conclusion: This study demonstrated a negative and nonlinear association between METS-IR and regression to normoglycemia in Chinese adults with prediabetes. When METS-IR is below 49.3, reducing METS-IR could significantly increase the probability of regression to normoglycemia from prediabetes., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The mechanical performance of curved bridges under the action of an earthquake is complex. To obtain the influence of seismic parameters on the seismic response of curved girder bridges, this paper relies on a large slope small-radius curved steel box girder bridge (LSCGB) and selects seismic wave incidence angle, vertical component of ground motion, and site category as seismic parameters to carry out nonlinear time history analysis. Based on the analysis results of the case bridge, it is shown that the torsional vibration of the first 10 modes of LSCGB is significant, the modes are dispersed, and the contribution of high-order modes of vibration cannot be ignored. The most unfavorable seismic wave incidence angle is in the direction of 45°∼60° counterclockwise Angle from the central connection line of Pier No. 1 and Pier No. 4 of the bridge. The seismic response of the curved bridge components increases with the vertical seismic intensity, and the influence on displacement responses is more significant. The basic vibration period of curved girder bridges built on soft soil sites is extended by approximately 18.23%, and the seismic response of key components increases with the softening of the site soil. Therefore, when analyzing the seismic response of LSCGBs, the influence of vertical component of ground motion and site category should not be ignored., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Qian et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Introduction: Radiation exposure in medical settings stands as the primary source of artificial radiation, compounded by the yearly rise in healthcare worker numbers. Ensuring radiation protection is crucial for safeguarding their occupational health. Nevertheless, existing studies on radiation protection behavior exhibit considerable heterogeneity due to various factors., Objective: This scoping review aims to explore the current status of research on radiation protection behavior and identify research gaps, intending to guide future research directions., Methods and Analysis: The scoping review will follow the Arksey and O'Malley framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A systematic search will be conducted across English databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline, as well as Chinese databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and China Biomedical Literature Database. Two independent reviewers will screen the studies based on predefined eligibility criteria and extract the data. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion by a third reviewer. The review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews., Strengths and Limitations of This Study: A stakeholder consultation will provide an opportunity to validate the findings and address any potential gaps in the article. In this scoping review, all types of studies will be considered. The effectiveness of the methodological quality of the included studies will not be reported, which may lead to some studies of poor quality being included. Only studies published in English or Chinese after 2010 will be considered in this review, potentially leading to the omission of relevant papers., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Cruise ships are distinguished as special passenger ships, transporting passengers to various ports and giving importance to comfort. High comfort can attract lots of passengers and generate substantial profits. Vibration and noise are the most important indicators for assessing the comfort of cruise ships. Existing methods for analyzing vibration and noise data have shown limitations in uncovering essential information and discerning critical disparities in vibration and noise levels across different ship districts. Conversely, the rapid development in machine learning present an opportunity to leverage sophisticated algorithms for a more insightful examination of vibration and noise aboard cruise ships. This study designed a machine learning-driven approach to analyze the vibration and noise data. Drawing data from China's first large-scale cruise ship, encompassing 127 noise samples, this study sets up a classification task, where decks were assigned as labels and frequencies served as features. Essential information was extracted by investigating this problem. Several machine learning algorithms, including feature ranking, selection, and classification algorithms, were adopted in this method. One or two essential noise frequencies related to each of the decks, except the 10th deck, were obtained, which were partly validated by the traditional statistical methods. Such findings were helpful in reducing and controlling the vibration and noise in cruise ships. Furthermore, the study develops a classifier to distinguish noise samples, which utilizes random forest as the classification algorithm with eight optimal frequency features identified by LightGBM. This classifier yielded a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.3415. This study gives a new direction for investigating vibration and noise in ships., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The pursuit of drugs and methods to safeguard dopaminergic neurons holds paramount importance in Parkinson's disease (PD) research. Benfotiamine (BFT) has demonstrated neuroprotective properties, yet its precise mechanisms in PD remain elusive. This study investigated BFT's potential protective effects against dopamine neuron damage in a PD animal model and the underlying mechanisms. The PD mouse model was induced by 5 consecutive MPTP injections, followed by BFT intervention for 28 days. Motor deficits were assessed via pole test, hang test, gait analysis, and open field test, while dopaminergic neuron damage was evaluated through Immunofluorescence, Nissl staining, and Western blot analysis of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra and striatum. High Performance Liquid Chromatography quantified dopamine (DA) levels and its metabolites. Genetic pathways were explored using RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis on substantia nigra tissues, confirmed by qPCR. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway was examined through nuclear translocation and expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes HO-1, GCLM, and NQO1 at mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, measurements of MDA content, GSH activity, and SOD activity were taken in the substantia nigra and striatum. BFT administration improved motor function and protected against dopaminergic neuron degeneration in MPTP mice, with partial recovery in TH expression and DA levels. RNA-seq analysis revealed distinct effects of BFT and the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 on Parkinson-related pathways and genes. Control of Nrf2 proved crucial for BFT, as it facilitated Nrf2 movement to the nucleus, upregulating antioxidant genes and enzymes while mitigating oxidative damage. This study elucidates BFT's neuroprotective effects in a PD mouse model via Nrf2-mediated antioxidant mechanisms and gene expression modulation, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent for PD., Competing Interests: The authors have no financial and non-financial competing interests related to this work., (Copyright: © 2024 Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The prevention and control of natural gas hydrates is an important link in ensuring winter production. Traditional thermodynamic inhibitors, like methanol, are commonly utilized due to their low unit costs and pricing, but they come with considerable safety issues when used on-site due to their high toxicity, flammability, and explosive potential. A cost-effective and eco-friendly hydrate inhibitor was created by combining light polyol amine with other ingredients to solve this problem. At a concentration of 30%, the product has a flash point greater than 80°C and a solidification point of -45°C. With success rates of 99% and 100%, respectively, it was used for winter casing pre-injection anti-freezing operations and balancing tank defoamer anti-freezing operations. Experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of this inhibitor in preventing the formation of natural gas hydrates. In wintertime on-site anti-freezing activities, the projected cost can be substituted for methanol, as it is essentially equivalent to methanol., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Liao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight the role of debt sustainability in achieving sustainable development. China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an international cooperation effort that is endorsed by over 150 countries and organizations. Given the alignment between BRI development goals and the SDGs, the issue of debt sustainability in BRI countries warrants attention. While existing studies focus on sovereign risk in debt sustainability, there is a lack of emphasis on currency risk, indicating a need for further investigation to mitigate risks and comprehensively evaluate debt stability. Using data from 142 countries, this study examines currency risk reduction in BRI countries by assessing currency competitiveness. We find that the US dollar (USD) is the most competitive currency among BRI countries, followed by the Euro (EUR), Chinese yuan (CNY), sterling pound (GBP), and Japanese yen (JPY). The USD maintains its competitive edge over time, making it the preferred choice, with the EUR as a less optimal option and the CNY showing potential. Geographically, the EUR's close ties with BRI countries lend it prominence, followed by the USD, with the CNY gaining traction. GBP and JPY are considered conservative choices. Recommendations for currency selection vary based on countries' competitiveness, bilateral relationships, and development status., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Talent transfer (TT) program is an appropriate approach to address the talent gap evident in specific sports activities, while little is known about the injury characteristics of snowboarding athletes involved in the TT program., Objective: To determine the epidemiology of injuries among snowboarders involved in the TT program., Methods: A total of 244 athletes who were not previously engaged in winter sports were selected for training in snowboarding that lasted for 109 days. The injuries and at-risk exposures (A-Es) data were recorded by physicians. Injury rates (IRs), incidence rate ratios (IRRs), and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were calculated and compared by sex and age groups., Results: The overall and time loss (TL) IR were 32.4/1000 A-Es and 12.2/1000 A-Es respectively. The overall and non-time loss (NTL) IRR were higher for female athletes than for male athletes. Additionally, the overall IRR and TL-IRR for female athletes were higher in those athletes who aged ≤15 years old. Over 93% of TL injuries resulted in participation restriction time of ≤7 days (male athletes, 93.94%; female athletes, 94.10%). Trunk (28.43%), knee joints (21.33%), and hand/wrist (16.53%) were found as the common sites of injury in both female and male athletes. The most frequent type of injury was contusion (male athletes: 53.00%, female athletes: 59.10%) resulted from ground/apparatus contact (male athletes: 75.10%, female athletes: 75.20%)., Conclusion: The risk injury among snowboarding athletes involved in the TT program during the first snow season training was found noticeable, especially for younger female athletes. The high incidence of ground/apparatus contact-related injuries suggested the necessity of specifically designed training programs and braces for snowboarding athletes involved in the TT program., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Gao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: To systematically review and perform a meta-analysis on the predictive value of the primary Gleason grade (PGG) at the positive surgical margin (PSM), length of PSM, number of PSMs, and pathological stage of the primary tumor on biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy (RP)., Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, from January 1, 2005, to October 1, 2023. The protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the different treatments and study outcomes. Pooled hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were extracted from multivariate analyses, and a fixed or random effect model was used to pool the estimates. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the reasons for the heterogeneity., Results: Thirty-one studies that included 50,028 patients with PCa were eligible for this meta-analysis. The results showed that, compared to PGG3, PGG4/5 was associated with a significantly increased risk of BCR. Compared with PSM ≤3 mm, PSM ≥3 mm was associated with a significantly increased risk of BCR. Compared with unifocal PSM, multifocal PSM (mF-PSM) was associated with a significantly increased risk of BCR. In addition, pT >2 was associated with a significantly increased risk of BCR compared to pT2. Notably, the findings were found to be reliable based on the sensitivity and subgroup analyses., Conclusions: PGG at the PSM, length of PSM, number of PSMs, and pathological stage of the primary tumor in patients with PCa were found to be associated with a significantly increased risk of BCR. Thus, patients with these factors should be treated differently in terms of receiving adjunct treatment and more frequent monitoring. Large-scale, well-designed prospective studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to validate the efficacy of these risk factors and their effects on patient responses to adjuvant and salvage therapies and other oncological outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Guo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

With the development of earthquake disaster reduction efforts in China, the content of earthquake disaster reduction policies has become increasingly enriched and improved. Particularly, multiple provincial governments have proposed earthquake disaster reduction planning policies. It is important to explore whether these policies can affect disaster mitigation. Therefore, this paper summarizes the earthquake disaster reduction plans and factors influencing seismic resilience. Panel data from 24 provinces between 2012 and 2021 were collected, and a difference-in-differences approach was used to construct an econometric model to evaluate the policy effects and analyze the enhancement of seismic resilience. The results show that the implementation of earthquake disaster reduction policies has a positive impact on earthquake monitoring, evacuation, and emergency relief capabilities, and the estimated policy effects are statistically significant. Moreover, a series of tests were conducted. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Earthquake disaster reduction policies have a positive impact on the improvement of seismic resilience in provinces. (2) Provinces with a higher number of earthquakes experience more significant effects from earthquake disaster reduction policies. (3) Provinces with higher seismic peak ground acceleration values exhibit more pronounced improvements in seismic resilience., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Gao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common health disorder of the male genitourinary system with a high prevalence, especially among middle-aged and older adults, which seriously affects men's quality of life. Inflammatory markers derived from complete blood cell count (CBC) have previously been considered a prognostic indicator for various diseases, but little is known about their relationship with BPH. This study evaluated the relationship between complete blood cell count (CBC)-derived inflammatory biomarkers and BPH., Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2001 and 2008. Using multiple logistic regressions, the study examined the association between benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) and Inflammatory biomarkers derived from blood cell counts such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and Systemic Immunoinflammatory Index (SII)., Results: 3,919 participants were included, with a median age of 61.00 (52.00-71.00) years old. Among them, 609 participants had benign prostatic hyperplasia, with a prevalence of 15.54%. Upon accounting for confounding factors, the study revealed a positive correlation between the plurality of BPH PLR and SII. However, MLR, NLR, and SIRI did not significantly correlate with the prevalence of BPH (p>0.05). In contrast to the lowest quartile, higher quartiles of PLR (OR = 1.93[1.38-2.69]) and SII (OR = 1.71[1.22-2.40]) were linked to an elevated risk of BPH. Interaction tests showed that age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and drinking had no significant effect on this positive correlation (p for interaction>0.05). In addition, we found a roughly linear association between SII, PLR, and BPH using smoothed curve fitting., Conclusions: According to our research, high levels of PLR and SII are positively linked with an increased risk of BPH in middle-aged and elderly individuals in the United States. The results compensate for previous studies that still need to be validated with larger prospective cohorts., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Shi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

High throughput screening of small molecules and natural products is costly, requiring significant amounts of time, reagents, and operating space. Although microarrays have proven effective in the miniaturization of screening for certain biochemical assays, such as nucleic acid hybridization or antibody binding, they are not widely used for drug discovery in cell culture due to the need for cells to internalize lipophilic drug candidates. Lipid droplet microarrays are a promising solution to this problem as they are capable of delivering lipophilic drugs to cells at dosages comparable to solution delivery. However, the scalablility of the array fabrication, assay validation, and screening steps has limited the utility of this approach. Here we take several new steps to scale up the process for lipid droplet array fabrication, assay validation in cell culture, and drug screening. A nanointaglio printing process has been adapted for use with a printing press. The arrays are stabilized for immersion into aqueous solution using a vapor coating process. In addition to delivery of lipophilic compounds, we found that we are also able to encapsulate and deliver a water-soluble compound in this way. The arrays can be functionalized by extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen prior to cell culture as the mechanism for uptake is based on direct contact with the lipid delivery vehicles rather than diffusion of the drug out of the microarray spots. We demonstrate this method for delivery to 3 different cell types and the screening of 92 natural product extracts on a microarray covering an area of less than 0.1 cm2. The arrays are suitable for miniaturized screening, for instance in high biosafety level facilities where space is limited and for applications where cell numbers are limited, such as in functional precision medicine., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Bell et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Brain tumors pose a significant threat to health, and their early detection and classification are crucial. Currently, the diagnosis heavily relies on pathologists conducting time-consuming morphological examinations of brain images, leading to subjective outcomes and potential misdiagnoses. In response to these challenges, this study proposes an improved Vision Transformer-based algorithm for human brain tumor classification. To overcome the limitations of small existing datasets, Homomorphic Filtering, Channels Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization, and Unsharp Masking techniques are applied to enrich dataset images, enhancing information and improving model generalization. Addressing the limitation of the Vision Transformer's self-attention structure in capturing input token sequences, a novel relative position encoding method is employed to enhance the overall predictive capabilities of the model. Furthermore, the introduction of residual structures in the Multi-Layer Perceptron tackles convergence degradation during training, leading to faster convergence and enhanced algorithm accuracy. Finally, this study comprehensively analyzes the network model's performance on validation sets in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 91.36% on an augmented open-source brain tumor dataset, surpassing the original VIT-B/16 accuracy by 5.54%. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in brain tumor classification, offering potential reference for clinical diagnoses by medical practitioners., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Hong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of the systemic immune-inflammation index/albumin ratio (SII/ALB) on the prognosis of immunotherapy-treated patients receiving opioids., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 185 immunotherapy-treated patients who received opioids at Xuzhou Central Hospital from 01/09/2021 to 01/09/2023. The results of related clinical data were collected during the week before the cancer patients received immunotherapy. The SII/ALB cut-off value was determined, and the relationship between the SII/ALB and clinical pathological parameters was analyzed using the chi-square test. The effect of the SII/ALB on progression-free survival (PFS) was examined using Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazard model., Result: The SII/ALB cut-off value was 20.86, and patients were divided into low (SII/ALB ≤ 20.86) and high (SII/ALB > 20.86) SII/ALB groups. Adverse reactions (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.108; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.061-0.192, P < 0.001) and the SII/ALB (HR = 0.093; 95% CI: 0.057-0.151, P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Compared with the high SII/ALB group, the low SII/ALB group had longer PFS after opioid treatment (12.2 vs. 5.2 months, P < 0.001)., Conclusion: The SII/ALB is a potentially important prognostic parameter in immunotherapy-treated patients receiving opioids., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Yan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Introduction: With the rapid pace of population aging, the health issues of the older adult have garnered widespread attention. Social participation plays a pivotal role in the health of the older adult. This study aims to explore the impact of social participation on the health status of the older adult., Methods: Using a binary logistic regression model, this study analyzes the influence of social participation methods on the health status of older adult individuals in China based on cross-sectional data from the "China Comprehensive Social Survey" in 2021. The study sample comprises individuals aged 60 to 99 years., Results: It was found that participation in physical activities [P<0.001, OR = 1.907], social and recreational activities [P<0.001, OR = 1.387], and online activities [P<0.001, OR = 1.808] were significantly positively correlated with the health status of the older adult., Conclusions: The health of older adults is influenced by a combination of physical activities, social and recreational activities, and online activities. Good health is closely associated with high levels of physical activity. Engaging in physical exercise promotes physiological health, while participating in social and recreational activities has a significant impact on cognitive and depressive states. Additionally, involvement in online activities helps alleviate feelings of loneliness and enhances overall well-being., Recommendations: 1)Promote the development of physical activities for the older adult: Create an integrated environment for physical exercise. 2)Expand the social circle of the older adult: Construct diverse and structured communities to enhance well-being. 3)Develop online activities for the older adult: Facilitate their integration into the digital age. 4)Foster interdisciplinary collaboration for older adult health: Build partnerships across various domains to promote older adult health., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The efficacy of rosuvastatin in reducing allergic inflammation has been established. However, its potential to reduce airway remodeling has yet to be explored. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of rosuvastatin in reducing airway inflammation and remodeling in a mouse model of chronic allergic asthma induced by sensitization and challenge with OVA. Histology of the lung tissue and the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed a marked decrease in airway inflammation and remodeling in mice treated with rosuvastatin, as evidenced by a decrease in goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and smooth muscle hypertrophy. Furthermore, levels of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis-related factors, and OVA-specific IgE in BALF, plasma, and serum were all reduced upon treatment with rosuvastatin. Western blotting was employed to detect AMPK expression, while immunohistochemistry staining was used to observe the expression of remodeling signaling proteins such as α-SMA, TGF-β, MMP-9, and p-AMPKα in the lungs. It was found that the activity of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) was significantly lower in the lungs of OVA-induced asthmatic mice compared to Control mice. However, the administration of rosuvastatin increased the ratio of phosphorylated AMPK to total AMPKα, thus inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels, as indicated by CD31-positive staining mainly in the sub-epithelial region. These results indicate that rosuvastatin can effectively reduce airway inflammation and remodeling in mice with chronic allergic asthma caused by OVA, likely due to the reactivation of AMPKα and a decrease in angiogenesis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright: © 2024 Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

With the continuous development of education level and the downturn of economic situation, employment competition is intensifying, more and more high-quality talents appear, and the misfit between people and posts has become a common phenomenon. However, there is no consensus on the relationship between perceived overqualification and employee creativity. Based on the conservation of resource theory, this study reveals the micro mechanism and boundary conditions of the influence of excessive qualification on employee creativity. This study analyzed 487 valid samples obtained in three stages. The results show that: (1) Job crafting has a positive mediating effect on perceived overqualification and creativity, and the path of the two halves is positive; (2) Work withdrawal behavior plays a negative mediating role between the perceived overqualification and creativity. The path in the first half is positive, and the path in the second half is negative; (3) Organizational identity moderates the effect of perceived overqualification on job crafting and work withdrawal behavior. Specifically, the higher the sense of organizational identification, the stronger the positive effect of perceived overqualification on job crafting and the weaker the positive effect on work withdrawal behavior; (4) Organizational identification moderates the mediating role of job crafting and work withdrawal behavior in the relationship between overqualification and creativity. Specifically, the higher the organizational identity, the stronger the indirect positive effect of perceived overqualification on creativity through job crafting, and the weaker the indirect negative impact of perceived overqualification on creativity through work withdrawal behavior. The study conclusion deepens the research on the mechanism of the influence of the perceived overqualification on employees' work behavior, and provides practical enlightenment for the organization and management of employees with excess qualification., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Jiang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Magnetic MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully prepared by the rapid combustion method at 500 °C for 2 h with 30 mL absolute ethanol, and were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, VSM, and XPS techniques, their average particle size and the saturation magnetization were about 25.3 nm and 79.53 A·m2/kg, respectively. The magnetic MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were employed in a fixed bed experimental system to investigate the adsorption capacity of Hg0 from air. The MnFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibited the large adsorption performance on Hg0 with the adsorption capacity of 16.27 μg/g at the adsorption temperature of 50 °C with the space velocity of 4.8×104 h-1. The VSM and EDS results illustrated that the prepared MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were stable before and after adsorption and successfully adsorbed Hg0. The TG curves demonstrated that the mercury compound formed after adsorption was HgO, and both physical and chemical adsorption processes were observed. Magnetic MnFe2O4 nanoparticles revealed excellent adsorbance of Hg0 in air, which suggested that MnFe2O4 nanoparticles be promising for the removal of Hg0., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

This study examined the mediating role of intergroup orientation in the relationship between ethnic and national identification. Our participants were 1320 Yi minority youths from a secondary school located in the Yi ethnic autonomous prefecture of southwest China. The participants completed three self-report questionnaires measuring ethnic and national identification, and intergroup orientation, respectively. Structural equation modeling was employed to determine the relationships between ethnic and national identification and intergroup orientation, and to explore the mechanism underlying the association between ethnic and national identification. The results showed that Yi minority youths with a stronger sense of ethnic identity had a stronger sense of national identity. The results further indicated that stronger ethnic identity led to a more positive intergroup orientation, which in turn predicted a stronger national identity. Our findings may facilitate the cultivation of positive attitudes between national subgroups in multiethnic countries and help ethnic minority youth develop a stronger awareness of national identity while retaining their ethnic identity., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Luo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

A Pickering emulsion was synergistically stabilised with zein nanoparticles (ZNPs) and starch nanocrystals (SNCs) to prepare it for menthol loading. After response surface optimisation of the emulsion preparation conditions, a Pickering emulsion prepared with a ZNPs:SNCs ratio of 1:1, a particle concentration of 2 wt% and a water:oil ratio of 1:1 provided the highest menthol encapsulation rate of the emulsions tested (83%) with good storage stability within 30 days. We examined the bilayer interface structure of the emulsion by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results of simulated digestion experiments showed that the release rate of free fatty acid was 75.06 ± 1.23%, which ensured bioavailability. At the same time, the emulsions facilitated the slow release of menthol. Bacteriostatic studies revealed that the Pickering emulsion had a protective effect on menthol, with the most significant inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus under the same conditions. Overall, this study proposes a novel approach for the application and development of l-menthol by combining it with Pickering emulsion., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright: © 2024 Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Gender disparity is pervasive in academic medicine. This study aimed to assess the disparity between men and women with regard to first and senior author positions in primary studies on liver cancer over the last two decades., Methods: We conducted a review of articles published in high-impact factor journals of the field of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020. First and senior authors of all ages were considered as the study population. The authors' genders were determined using the online artificial intelligence tool genderize.io (https://genderize.io/). The disparity between men and women authors was assessed using the linear-by-linear association test., Results: 665 original articles from 10 journals were reviewed. The point prevalence of first women authors was 25.0% compared with 75.0% for men. The point prevalence of senior women authors was 16.3% compared with 83.7% for men. From 2000 to 2020, the proportion of first women authors increased 14.4% to 26.8% compared with 85.6%-73.2% for men (P = 0.009), and the proportion of senior women authors increased from 7.4% to 19.5%, compared with 92.6%-80.5% for men (P = 0.035). The factor independently associated with a reduced representation of women among first authors was the region of author. The factor independently associated with a reduced representation of women among senior authors was the impact factor of journals., Conclusion: The findings indicated a remarkable increase in the proportion of women, both first and senior authors, over the past two decades in the field of liver cancers. However, the representation of women authors in this area is far less than that of men., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Shi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Agricultural ecological efficiency is an important tool with which to measure the coordination of the sustainable development of agricultural economies and ecological environments. In this paper, a super-efficiency slacks-based measures model was used to measure the agricultural ecological efficiency in Hebei Province. The characteristics of spatial and temporal evolution patterns were explored using a spatial Markov transfer matrix. The results showed that (i) based on measurements, the agricultural ecological efficiency in Hebei Province showed regional differences in four regions (eastern, northern, central and southern Hebei) and 141 counties; (ii) from the perspective of evolutionary characteristics of agricultural ecological efficiency, the overall development of in Hebei Province was good, with more concentrated spatial distribution and more obvious direction, while the type of transfer of agricultural ecological efficiency in Hebei Province showed strong stability that was significantly affected by geographical neighborhood conditions and the club convergence phenomenon; (iii) from the perspective of the long-term evolutionary trend of agricultural ecological efficiency, the areas adjacent to counties with low efficiency had limited potential for improvement, and the areas adjacent to counties with high grade had great potential. However, it was difficult to achieve large-scale improvement in agricultural ecological efficiency in Hebei Province, whether the impact of geospatial backgrounds was considered or not., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Ma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Objective: Minimally invasive surgery for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is impeded by inadequate lysis of the target blood clot. Ultrasound is thought to expedite intravascular thrombolysis, thereby facilitating vascular recanalization. However, the impact of ultrasound on intracerebral blood clot lysis remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of combining ultrasound with urokinase to enhance blood clot lysis in an in vitro model of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage., Methods: The blood clots were divided into four groups: control group, ultrasound group, urokinase group, and ultrasound + urokinase group. Using our experimental setup, which included a key-shaped bone window, we simulated a minimally invasive puncture and drainage procedure for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. The blood clot was then irradiated using ultrasound. Blood clot lysis was assessed by weighing the blood clot before and after the experiment. Potential adverse effects were evaluated by measuring the temperature variation around the blood clot in the ultrasound + urokinase group., Results: A total of 40 blood clots were observed, with 10 in each experimental group. The blood clot lysis rate in the ultrasound group, urokinase group, and ultrasound + urokinase group (24.83 ± 4.67%, 47.85 ± 7.09%, 61.13 ± 4.06%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (16.11 ± 3.42%) (p = 0.02, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). The blood clot lysis rate in the ultrasound + urokinase group (61.13 ± 4.06%) was significantly higher than that in the ultrasound group (24.83 ± 4.67%) (p < 0.001) or urokinase group (47.85 ± 7.09%) (p < 0.001). In the ultrasound + urokinase group, the mean increase in temperature around the blood clot was 0.26 ± 0.15°C, with a maximum increase of 0.38 ± 0.09°C. There was no significant difference in the increase in temperature regarding the main effect of time interval (F = 0.705, p = 0.620), the main effect of distance (F = 0.788, p = 0.563), or the multiplication interaction between time interval and distance (F = 1.100, p = 0.342)., Conclusions: Our study provides evidence supporting the enhancement of blood clot lysis in an in vitro model of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage through the combined use of ultrasound and urokinase. Further animal experiments are necessary to validate the experimental methods and results., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

As a basic parameter of rock, the rock bridge angle plays an important role in maintaining the stability of rock masses. To study the size effect of rock bridge angle on the uniaxial compressive strength of rocks, this paper adopts the principle of regression analysis and combines numerical simulation to carry out relevant research. The research results indicate that: (1) the uniaxial compressive strength decreases with the increase of the rock bridge angle, showing a power function relationship; (2) The uniaxial compressive strength decreases with the increase of rock size and tends to stabilize when the rock size is greater than 350 mm, showing a significant size effect. (3) The fluctuation coefficient of compressive strength increases with the increase of rock bridge angle and decreases with the increase of rock size; When the rock size is 350 mm, the fluctuation coefficient is less than 5%; (4) The characteristic compressive strength and characteristic size both increase with the increase of the rock bridge angle., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Hu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)