26 results on '"Liang, He"'
Search Results
2. CEG: A joint model for causal commonsense events enhanced story ending generation.
- Author
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Yushi Zhang, Yan Yang, Ming Gu, Feng Gao, Chengcai Chen, and Liang He
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
With the success of pre-trained language models, the performance of story ending generation has been dramatically improved while remaining challenging due to the lack of commonsense reasoning ability. Most previous works mainly focus on using commonsense knowledge to enhance the implicit correlations between words but ignore the hidden causality of sentences or events. In this paper, we propose Causal commonsense Enhanced joint model for story ending Generation (CEG), which incorporates causal commonsense events knowledge to generate a reasonable story ending. Specifically, we first develop a commonsense events inference model trained on GLUCOSE, which converts static knowledge into a dynamic generation model to discover unseen knowledge. It uses prompts to produce various commonsense events behind the stories as pseudo-labels of the dataset. Then, we propose a joint model for the causal events inference task and the story ending generation task to inject inference knowledge into the generation, which consists of a shared encoder, an inference decoder, and a generation decoder. In the causal events inference task, we use the shared encoder and the inference decoder to reason the causal events behind each sentence of the story context to help the model better understand the story and provide long-distance dependencies for the story ending generation. In story ending generation, we combine the hidden states of the causal events with the story context to generate the story ending by the shared encoder and the generation decoder. We jointly train the model on two tasks so that the generation decoder produces the story endings that better match the clues. Experimental results on the ROCStories dataset show that our model outperforms the previous works, demonstrating the effectiveness of the joint model and the generated causal events.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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3. Conditioned haptic perception for 3D localization of nodules in soft tissue palpation with a variable stiffness probe.
- Author
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Nicolas Herzig, Liang He, Perla Maiolino, Sara-Adela Abad, and Thrishantha Nanayakkara
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
This paper provides a solution for fast haptic information gain during soft tissue palpation using a Variable Lever Mechanism (VLM) probe. More specifically, we investigate the impact of stiffness variation of the probe to condition likelihood functions of the kinesthetic force and tactile sensors measurements during a palpation task for two sweeping directions. Using knowledge obtained from past probing trials or Finite Element (FE) simulations, we implemented this likelihood conditioning in an autonomous palpation control strategy. Based on a recursive Bayesian inferencing framework, this new control strategy adapts the sweeping direction and the stiffness of the probe to detect abnormal stiff inclusions in soft tissues. This original control strategy for compliant palpation probes shows a sub-millimeter accuracy for the 3D localization of the nodules in a soft tissue phantom as well as a 100% reliability detecting the existence of nodules in a soft phantom.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Manure combined with chemical fertilizer increases rice productivity by improving soil health, post-anthesis biomass yield, and nitrogen metabolism.
- Author
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Anas Iqbal, Liang He, Izhar Ali, Saif Ullah, Ahmad Khan, Aziz Khan, Kashif Akhtar, Shangqin Wei, Quan Zhao, Jing Zhang, and Ligeng Jiang
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Excessive reliance on chemical fertilizer (CF) in conventional farming is a serious concern owing to its negative effects on soil health, the environment, and crop productivity. Organic manure is an alternative source of fertilizer to reduce the amount of CF usage in agriculture, decrease environmental pollution, and ensure sustainable crop production. This study assessed the integrated effect of poultry manure (PM) and cattle manure (CM) with CF on soil properties, plant physiology, and rice grain yield. Additionally, the difference in pre-and post-anthesis dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) accumulation and their relationship with grain yield was also determined. Pot experiments were performed in the early and late growing season at the experimental station of Guangxi University, China, in 2018. A total of six treatments, i.e., T1-CF0; T2-100% CF; T3-60% CM + 40% CF; T4-30% CM + 70% CF; T5-60% PM + 40% CF, and T6-30% PM + 70% CF were used in this pot experiment. Results showed that T6 enhanced leaf photosynthetic efficiency by 11% and 16%, chlorophyll content by 8% and 11%, panicle number by 12% and 16%, and grain yield by 11% and 15% in the early and late seasons, respectively, compared to T2. Similarly1, post-anthesis N and DM accumulation, N uptake, and soil properties (i.e., soil organic carbon, total N, and bulk density) were improved with integrated CF and manure treatments over the sole CF treatments. Interestingly, increases in post-anthesis N uptake and DM production were further supported by enhanced N-metabolizing enzyme activities (i.e., nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate oxoglutarate aminotransferase during the grain-filling period in combined treatments. In-addition, the linear regression analysis showed that post-anthesis DM (R2 = 0.95) and N (R2 = 0.96) accumulation were highly associated with grain yield of rice. Thus, the combination of 30% N from PM or CM with 70% N from CF (i.e., urea) is a promising option for improvement of soil quality and rice grain yield. Furthermore, our study provides a sustainable nutrient management plan to increase rice yield with high N use efficiency.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Cost-minimizing team hires with participation constraint.
- Author
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Heli Sun, Jianbin Huang, Ke Liu, Mengjie Wan, Yu Zhou, Chen Cao, Xiaolin Jia, and Liang He
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Team formation, which aims to form a team to complete a given task by covering its required skills, furnishes a natural way to help organizers complete projects effectively. In this work, we propose a new team hiring problem. Given a set of projects [Formula: see text] with required skills, and a pool of experts [Formula: see text], each of which has his own skillset, compensation demand and participation constraint (i.e., the maximum number of projects the expert can participate in simultaneously), we seek to hire a team of participation-constrained experts [Formula: see text] to complete all the projects so that the overall compensation is minimized. We refer to this as the participation constrained team hire problem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to investigate the problem. We also study a special case of the problem, where the number of projects is within the participation constraint of each expert and design an exact algorithm for it. Since participation constrained team hire problem is proven to be NP-hard, we design three novel efficient approximate algorithms as its solution, each of which focuses on a particular perspective of the problem. We perform extensive experimental studies, on both synthetic and real datasets, to evaluate the performance of our algorithms. Experimental results show that our exact algorithm far surpasses the brute-force solutions and works well in practice. Besides, the three algorithms behave differently when distinct facets of the problem are involved.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Endothelial keratoplasty versus repeat penetrating keratoplasty after failed penetrating keratoplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Feng Wang, Tao Zhang, Yan Wei Kang, Jing Liang He, Shi-Ming Li, and Shao-Wei Li
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
This study sought to compare graft survival, graft rejection and the visual acuity outcome of endothelial keratoplasty (EK) with repeat penetrating keratoplasty (PK) after failed PK.A systematic literature search with subsequent screening of the identified articles was conducted to obtain potentially eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and comparative cohort studies. To assess the methodological quality of the included studies, the Jadad Scale or Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used based on the study design. To calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) for graft survival, graft rejection and the visual acuity outcome with 95% confidential intervals (CIs), a fixed- or random-effects model was applied based on the heterogeneity across studies.Four comparative cohort studies (n = 649 eyes) comparing the outcome of EK with repeat PK after failed PK were included in this review. These studies were considered high quality, with NOS scores ranging from 6 to 9. The EK group showed a significantly lower risk of graft rejection than the repeat PK group [0.43 (95% CI: 0.23-0.80, P = 0.007)]. In addition, no significant differences were observed in a comparison of graft survival and visual acuity (P values ranged from 0.81 to 0.97 using the Der-Simonian and Laird random-effects model).As an alternative to repeat PK, EK after failed PK allows for potential reduction of the risk of graft rejection; however, it does not appear to confer a significant advantage in graft survival or visual acuity.
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- 2017
- Full Text
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7. Risk Factors for Central Lymph Node Metastasis in CN0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Author
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Wei Sun, Xiabin Lan, Hao Zhang, Wenwu Dong, Zhihong Wang, Liang He, Ting Zhang, and Siming Liu
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is common in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Prophylactic central lymph node dissection (PCLND) for patients with clinically negative central compartment lymph nodes (CN0) remains controversial. The phrase "clinically negative" is used to indicate that patients exhibited no clinical evidence of CLNM by ultrasonography (US) or computerized tomography (CT) preoperatively. In this study, we analyze the risk factors for CLNM in CN0 patients. METHODS:The PUBMED and SCIE databases were systematically searched for works published through January 31, 2015. All of the patients included in this study underwent thyroidectomy+PCLND. Revman 5.3 software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS:Twenty studies and 9084 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The following variables were associated with an increased risk of CLNM in CN0 patients: age < 45 years (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.42-1.78, p 2 cm for PTC patients (OR = 2.98, 95% CI 2.08-4.28, p 0.5 cm for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.71-3.09, p 1 cm) exhibited a higher risk factor associated with CLNM than PTMC (tumor size < 1 cm) (OR = 2.83, 95% CI = 2.15-3.72, p
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- 2015
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8. Interleukin-27 is differentially associated with HIV viral load and CD4+ T cell counts in therapy-naïve HIV-mono-infected and HIV/HCV-co-infected Chinese.
- Author
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Lai He, Jin Zhao, Maggie Haitian Wang, Kenny K Y Siu, Yong-Xia Gan, Lin Chen, Benny C Y Zee, Li Yang, Hsiang-Fu Kung, Zheng-Rong Yang, and Ming-Liang He
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and the resultant Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic are major global health challenges; hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection has made the HIV/AIDS epidemic even worse. Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a cytokine which inhibits HIV and HCV replication in vitro, associates with HIV infection and HIV/HCV co-infection in clinical settings. However, the impact of HIV and HCV viral loads on plasma IL-27 expression levels has not been well characterized. In this study, 155 antiretroviral therapy-naïve Chinese were recruited. Among them 80 were HIV- and HCV-negative healthy controls, 45 were HIV-mono-infected and 30 were HIV/HCV-co-infected. Plasma level HIV, HCV, IL-27 and CD4+ number were counted and their correlation, regression relationships were explored. We show that: plasma IL-27 level was significantly upregulated in HIV-mono-infected and HIV/HCV-co-infected Chinese; HIV viral load was negatively correlated with IL-27 titer in HIV-mono-infected subjects whereas the relationship was opposite in HIV/HCV-co-infected subjects; and the relationships between HIV viral loads, IL-27 titers and CD4+ T cell counts in the HIV mono-infection and HIV/HCV co-infection groups were dramatically different. Overall, our results suggest that IL-27 differs in treatment-naïve groups with HIV mono-infections and HIV/HCV co-infections, thereby providing critical information to be considered when caring and treating those with HIV mono-infection and HIV/HCV co-infection.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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9. Optimization of the solid-state fermentation and properties of a polysaccharide from Paecilomyces cicadae (Miquel) Samson and its antioxidant activities in vitro.
- Author
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Xueyong Ren, Liang He, Junwen Cheng, and Jianmin Chang
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The culture conditions for the yield of a polysaccharide (PCPS) produced by Paecilomyces cicadae (Miquel) Samson on solid-state fermentation were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was applied to screen out significant factors, followed by the paths of steepest ascent to move to the nearest region of maximum response. Then Box-Behnken design (BBD) was conducted to optimize the final levels of the culture conditions. After analyzing the regression equation and the response surface contour plots, relative humidity 56.07%, inoculum 13.51 mL/100 g and temperature 27.09°C were found to be the optimal key parameters for PCPS production. The maximum predicted yield of PCPS was 10.76 mg/g under the optimized conditions. The resulting PCPS (FPCPS) generated at optimal conditions was purified by chromatography column and found to be composed of mannose (43.2%), rhamnose (32.1%), xylose (14.5%) and arabinose (10.2%). Based on the size exclusion chromatography combined with multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) analysis, FPCPS adopted a Gaussian coil conformation in 0.1 M NaNO3 solution with 3.75 × 10(6) g/mol of the weight-average molar mass (Mw) and 41.1 nm of the root-mean square radius (Rg(2))z (1/2). Furthermore, both of the polysaccharides were revealed to have strong antioxidant activities by evaluating in DPPH radical, superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radical assay. These data suggest the polysaccharides of Paecilomyces cicadae (Miquel) Samson produced by solid-state fermentation could be explored as potential natural antioxidants.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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10. Cross sectional survey of influenza antibodies before and during the 2009 pandemic in Shenzhen, China.
- Author
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Chun-Li Wu, Juan Lu, Maggie Haitian Wang, Xing Lv, Ying Chen, Hsiang-fu Kung, Benny Zee, Xiao-wen Cheng, and Ming-Liang He
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Much information is available for the 2009 H1N1 influenza immunity response, but little is known about the antibody change in seasonal influenza before and during the novel influenza A pandemic. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional serological survey of 4 types of major seasonal influenza in March and September 2009 on a full range of age groups, to investigate seasonal influenza immunity response before and during the outbreak of the sH1N1 influenza in Shenzhen - the largest migration city in China. We found that the 0-5 age group had an increased antibody level for all types of seasonal influenza during the pandemic compared to the pre-outbreak level, in contrast with almost all other age groups, in which the antibody level decreased. Also, distinct from the antibodies of A/H3N2, B/Yamagata and B/Victoria that decreased significantly during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, the antibody of A/H1N1 showed no statistical difference from the pre-outbreak level. The results suggest that the antibodies against the 2009 sH1N1 cross-reacted with seasonal H1N1. Moreover, the 0-5 age group was under attack by both seasonal and 2009 H1N1 influenza during the pandemic, hence vaccination merely against a new strain of flu might not be enough to protect the youngest group.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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11. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from farm-raised diarrheic sika deer in Northeastern China.
- Author
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Rui Li, Liang He, Lili Hao, Qi Wang, Yu Zhou, and Hongchen Jiang
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
In China, overuse and/or abuse of antimicrobials are common in stockbreeding, which possess high risks of antimicrobial-resistant contaminations. The serogroups, major virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistant patterns of the antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) were investigated in the feces of diarrheic farm-raised sika deer from 50 farms in three Northeastern provinces of China. A total of 220 E. coli isolates were obtained and characterized. Twenty-eight O serogroups were identified from the obtained E. coli isolates with O2, O26, O128, O142 and O154 being dominant. Nearly all the isolates were resistant to at least four of the tested antimicrobials. More than 90% of the E. coli isolates carried at least one of the tested virulence genes. About 85% of the E. coli isolates carried one or more antimicrobial-resistant genes responsible for resistant phenotypes of sulfonamides, streptomycin/spectionomycin or tetracycline. The antimicrobial resistant level and pathogenic group occurrences of the obtained E. coli isolates were higher than that of livestock and wild animals reported in some developed countries. Thus, the fecal-carrying antimicrobial-resistant E. coli from the farm-raised sika deer is potentially a significant contamination source for freshwater systems and food chain, and may pose great health risks for human and animals in Northeastern China.
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- 2013
- Full Text
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12. Association between Mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphisms and hepatitis B virus infection: a meta-analysis.
- Author
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Hang-di Xu, Ming-fei Zhao, Tian-hong Wan, Guang-zhong Song, Ji-liang He, and Zhi Chen
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
OBJECTIVE:The results of studies on the relation between Mannose-binding lectin gene (mbl2) polymorphism and HBV infection were contradictory and inconclusive. In order to shed a light on these inconsistent findings and to clarify the role of mbl2 polymorphisms in susceptibility or progression of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS:PubMed and Embase were searched for available articles. A meta-analysis was performed to examine the association between mbl2 polymorphisms and chronicity or progression of hepatitis B infection. Odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) served as indexes. RESULTS:A total of 17 eligible studies were involved, including 2151 healthy controls (HC), 1293 spontaneous recovered (SR) patients with acute infection, 2337 cases with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 554 cases with progressive hepatitis B. There was no evidence of significant association between mbl2 exon1 polymorphisms and CHB risk in any genetic model or pairwise comparisons when compared with HC group or SR group. In the stratified analysis of ethnic groups, also no obvious relation between mbl2 polymorphism and CHB risk was identified. There was still no significant association between the complete mbl2 genotypic profile (including both the exon1 and the promoter gene) polymorphisms and CHB risk, as compared with SR group. However, it was found that there was an association between the mbl2 AO/OO genotype and severe hepatitis B (SHB) or liver cirrhosis (LC) (LC vs. HC:OR=3.66, 95%CI, 2.38-5.63; SHB vs. HC, OR=3.88, 95%CI, 2.26-6.64), but there was no relationship between the mbl2 AO/OO genotype and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (OR=1.26, 95%CI, 0.82-1.94). CONCLUSION:The present meta-analysis indicated that mbl2 exon1 polymorphisms might not significantly associate with chronicity of HBV infection, but might be significantly related to the progressive HBV such as SHB and LC.
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- 2013
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13. Manure combined with chemical fertilizer increases rice productivity by improving soil health, post-anthesis biomass yield, and nitrogen metabolism
- Author
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Izhar Ali, Kashif Akhtar, Aziz Khan, Jing Zhang, Ahmad Khan, Shangqin Wei, Anas Iqbal, Liang He, Saif Ullah, Ligeng Jiang, and Quan Zhao
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Chlorophyll ,Leaves ,Environmental pollution ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Poultry ,Soil ,Agricultural Soil Science ,Urea ,Biomass ,Photosynthesis ,Soil health ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,Organic Compounds ,Plant Anatomy ,Soil chemistry ,food and beverages ,Eukaryota ,Agriculture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plants ,Crop Production ,Agricultural soil science ,Experimental Organism Systems ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Fertilizer ,Agrochemicals ,Research Article ,China ,Inflorescences ,Nitrogen ,Science ,Soil Science ,Crops ,engineering.material ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Animal science ,Plant and Algal Models ,Animals ,Grasses ,Panicles ,Fertilizers ,Nutrient management ,Organic Chemistry ,Chemical Compounds ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Oryza ,Soil quality ,Manure ,Carbon ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,Earth Sciences ,Animal Studies ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Cattle ,Rice ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Crop Science ,Cereal Crops - Abstract
Excessive reliance on chemical fertilizer (CF) in conventional farming is a serious concern owing to its negative effects on soil health, the environment, and crop productivity. Organic manure is an alternative source of fertilizer to reduce the amount of CF usage in agriculture, decrease environmental pollution, and ensure sustainable crop production. This study assessed the integrated effect of poultry manure (PM) and cattle manure (CM) with CF on soil properties, plant physiology, and rice grain yield. Additionally, the difference in pre-and post-anthesis dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) accumulation and their relationship with grain yield was also determined. Pot experiments were performed in the early and late growing season at the experimental station of Guangxi University, China, in 2018. A total of six treatments, i.e., T1-CF0; T2-100% CF; T3-60% CM + 40% CF; T4-30% CM + 70% CF; T5-60% PM + 40% CF, and T6-30% PM + 70% CF were used in this pot experiment. Results showed that T6 enhanced leaf photosynthetic efficiency by 11% and 16%, chlorophyll content by 8% and 11%, panicle number by 12% and 16%, and grain yield by 11% and 15% in the early and late seasons, respectively, compared to T2. Similarly1, post-anthesis N and DM accumulation, N uptake, and soil properties (i.e., soil organic carbon, total N, and bulk density) were improved with integrated CF and manure treatments over the sole CF treatments. Interestingly, increases in post-anthesis N uptake and DM production were further supported by enhanced N-metabolizing enzyme activities (i.e., nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate oxoglutarate aminotransferase during the grain-filling period in combined treatments. In-addition, the linear regression analysis showed that post-anthesis DM (R2 = 0.95) and N (R2 = 0.96) accumulation were highly associated with grain yield of rice. Thus, the combination of 30% N from PM or CM with 70% N from CF (i.e., urea) is a promising option for improvement of soil quality and rice grain yield. Furthermore, our study provides a sustainable nutrient management plan to increase rice yield with high N use efficiency.
- Published
- 2020
14. Novel reassortant highly pathogenic H5N2 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China.
- Author
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Guo Zhao, Xiaobing Gu, Xinlun Lu, Jinjin Pan, Zhiqiang Duan, Kunkun Zhao, Min Gu, Qingtao Liu, Liang He, Jian Chen, Shengqiang Ge, Yanhong Wang, Sujuan Chen, Xiaoquan Wang, Daxin Peng, Hongquan Wan, and Xiufan Liu
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
There has been multiple evidence that domestic poultry may act as a vessel for the generation of novel influenza A viruses. In this study, we have analyzed the evolution and pathogenicity of 4 H5N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from apparently healthy poultry from H5N1 virus endemic areas in China. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two of these viruses, A/duck/Eastern China/1111/2011 (DK/EC/1111/11) and A/goose/Eastern China/1112/2011 (GS/EC/1112/11) were derived from reassortment events in which clade 2.3.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses acquired novel neuraminidase and nonstructural protein genes. Another two isolates, A/chicken/Hebei/1102/2010 (CK/HB/1102/10) and A/duck/Hebei/0908/2009 (DK/HB/0908/09), possess hemagglutinin (HA) gene belong to clade 7 H5 viruses and other genes from endemic H9N2 viruses, or from viruses of various subtypes of the natural gene pool. All of these H5N2 isolates bear characteristic sequences of HPAI virus at the cleavage site of HA, and animal experiments indicated that all of these viruses but DK/HB/0908/09 is highly pathogenic to chickens. In particular, DK/EC/1111/11 and GS/EC/1112/11 are also highly pathogenic to ducks and moderately pathogenic to mice. All of these 4 viruses were able to replicate in domestic ducks and mice without prior adaptation. The emergence of these novel H5N2 viruses adds more evidence for the active evolution of H5 viruses in Asia. The maintenance of the highly pathogenic phenotype of some of these viruses even after reassortment with a new NA subtypes, their ability to replicate and transmit in domestic poultry, and the pathogenicity in the mammalian mouse model, highlight the potential threat posed by these viruses to both veterinary and public health.
- Published
- 2012
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15. Transcriptomic assay of CD8+ T cells in treatment-naïve HIV, HCV-mono-infected and HIV/HCV-co-infected Chinese.
- Author
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Jin Zhao, Lina Yi, Jing Lu, Zheng-Rong Yang, Ying Chen, Chenli Zheng, Dan Huang, Yu-Feng Li, Lin Chen, Jinquan Cheng, Hsiang-Fu Kung, and Ming-Liang He
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Co-infection with HIV and HCV is very common. It is estimated that over 5 million people are co-infected with HIV and HCV worldwide. Accumulated evidence shows that each virus alters the course of infection of the other one. CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in the eradication of viruses and infected target cells. To the best of our knowledge, no one has investigated the gene expression profiles in HIV/HCV-co-infected individuals. METHODOLOGY: Genome-wide transcriptomes of CD8+ T cells from HIV/HCV-co-infected or mono-infected treatment-naïve individuals were analyzed by microarray assays. Pairwise comparisons were performed and differentially expressed genes were identified followed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation. Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) from Web-based Gene SeT AnaLysis Toolkit (WebGestalt) and DAVID bioinformatics resources 6.7 (the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery) were used to discover the Gene Ontology (GO) categories with significantly enriched gene numbers. The enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were also obtained by using WebGestalt software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A total of 110, 24 and 72 transcript IDs were shown to be differentially expressed (> 2-fold and p
- Published
- 2012
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16. The viral TRAF protein (ORF111L) from infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus interacts with TRADD and induces caspase 8-mediated apoptosis.
- Author
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Bai-Liang He, Ji-Min Yuan, Lu-Yun Yang, Jun-Feng Xie, Shao-Ping Weng, Xiao-Qiang Yu, and Jian-Guo He
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is the type species of the Megalocytivirus genus of the Iridoviridae family. It causes a serious and potentially pandemic disease in wild and cultured fishes. ISKNV infection induces evident apoptosis in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and zebrafish (Danio renio). However, the mechanism is still unknown. After a genome-wide bioinformatics analysis of ISKNV-encoded proteins, the ISKNV open reading frame 111L (ORF111L) shows a high similarity to the tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) encoded by fish, mice and mammals, which is essential for apoptotic signal transduction. Moreover, ORF111L was verified to directly interact with the zebrafish TNF receptor type 1 associated death domain protein (TRADD). A recombinant plasmid containing the DNA sequence of ORF111L was constructed and microinjected into zebrafish embryos at the 1-2 cell stage to investigate its biological function in vivo. ORF111L overexpression in the embryos resulted in increased apoptosis. ORF111L-induced apoptosis was clearly associated with significant caspase 8 upregulation and activation. The knockdown of zebrafish caspase 8 expression effectively blocked the apoptosis induced by ORF111L overexpression. Significantly, ORF111L overexpression resulted in much stronger effect on caspase 8 and caspase 3 upregulation compared to zebrafish TRAF2. This is the first report of a viral protein similar to TRAF that interacts with TRADD and induces caspase 8-mediated apoptosis, which may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of ISKNV infection.
- Published
- 2012
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17. Molecular epidemiology of HCV monoinfection and HIV/HCV coinfection in injection drug users in Liuzhou, Southern China.
- Author
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Yi Tan, Qi Hou Wei, Liu Jun Chen, Pui Chung Chan, Wen Sheng Lai, Ming Liang He, Hsiang Fu Kung, and Shui Shan Lee
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono-infection and HCV/HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) co-infection are growing problems in injection drug users (IDU). Their prevalence and genotypic patterns vary with geographic locations. Access to harm reduction measures is opening up opportunities for improving the HIV/HCV profiling of IDU in China, where IDUs account for a significant proportion of the two infections especially in the southern part of the country. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A cross sectional study was conducted. Through the Liuzhou Methadone Clinic, a total of 117 injection drug users (IDUs) were recruited from Guangxi, Southern China. A majority of the IDUs (96%) were HCV antibody positive, of which 21% were HIV infected. Unlike HCV monoinfection, there was spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of HIV/HCV coinfection, the latter also characterized by a higher prevalence of needle-sharing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that genotype 6a was predominant in the study population. There were shorter genetic distances among the 6a sequences compared to the other HCV subtypes-1a, 3a, and 3b. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The results suggested that HIV and HCV were introduced at around the same time to the IDU populations in Southern China, followed by their differential spread as determined by the biologic characteristics of the virus and the intensity of behavioural risk. This pattern is different from that in other South East Asian countries where HCV infections have probably predated HIV.
- Published
- 2008
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18. Cost-minimizing team hires with participation constraint
- Author
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Yu Zhou, Mengjie Wan, Liang He, Xiaolin Jia, Ke Liu, Heli Sun, Chen Cao, and Jianbin Huang
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,Operations research ,Computer science ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,0102 computer and information sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Models, Theoretical ,01 natural sciences ,Compensation (engineering) ,Task (project management) ,Perspective (geometry) ,Work (electrical) ,010201 computation theory & mathematics ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Costs and Cost Analysis ,Humans ,lcsh:Q ,Computer Simulation ,lcsh:Science ,Set (psychology) ,Personnel Selection ,Algorithms ,Participation constraint - Abstract
Team formation, which aims to form a team to complete a given task by covering its required skills, furnishes a natural way to help organizers complete projects effectively. In this work, we propose a new team hiring problem. Given a set of projects [Formula: see text] with required skills, and a pool of experts [Formula: see text], each of which has his own skillset, compensation demand and participation constraint (i.e., the maximum number of projects the expert can participate in simultaneously), we seek to hire a team of participation-constrained experts [Formula: see text] to complete all the projects so that the overall compensation is minimized. We refer to this as the participation constrained team hire problem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to investigate the problem. We also study a special case of the problem, where the number of projects is within the participation constraint of each expert and design an exact algorithm for it. Since participation constrained team hire problem is proven to be NP-hard, we design three novel efficient approximate algorithms as its solution, each of which focuses on a particular perspective of the problem. We perform extensive experimental studies, on both synthetic and real datasets, to evaluate the performance of our algorithms. Experimental results show that our exact algorithm far surpasses the brute-force solutions and works well in practice. Besides, the three algorithms behave differently when distinct facets of the problem are involved.
- Published
- 2016
19. Risk Factors for Central Lymph Node Metastasis in CN0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Author
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Xiabin Lan, Siming Liu, Hao Zhang, Zhihong Wang, Wei Sun, Wenwu Dong, Liang He, and Ting Zhang
- Subjects
Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Medicine ,Metastasis ,Thyroid carcinoma ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Humans ,Thyroid Neoplasms ,lcsh:Science ,Thyroid cancer ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Thyroid ,lcsh:R ,medicine.disease ,Central lymph ,Carcinoma, Papillary ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Central Lymph Node Dissection ,Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ,Lymphatic Metastasis ,lcsh:Q ,Lymph ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is common in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Prophylactic central lymph node dissection (PCLND) for patients with clinically negative central compartment lymph nodes (CN0) remains controversial. The phrase "clinically negative" is used to indicate that patients exhibited no clinical evidence of CLNM by ultrasonography (US) or computerized tomography (CT) preoperatively. In this study, we analyze the risk factors for CLNM in CN0 patients. METHODS:The PUBMED and SCIE databases were systematically searched for works published through January 31, 2015. All of the patients included in this study underwent thyroidectomy+PCLND. Revman 5.3 software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS:Twenty studies and 9084 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The following variables were associated with an increased risk of CLNM in CN0 patients: age < 45 years (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.42-1.78, p 2 cm for PTC patients (OR = 2.98, 95% CI 2.08-4.28, p 0.5 cm for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.71-3.09, p 1 cm) exhibited a higher risk factor associated with CLNM than PTMC (tumor size < 1 cm) (OR = 2.83, 95% CI = 2.15-3.72, p
- Published
- 2015
20. Interleukin-27 Is Differentially Associated with HIV Viral Load and CD4+ T Cell Counts in Therapy-Naïve HIV-Mono-Infected and HIV/HCV-Co-Infected Chinese
- Author
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Li Yang, Lai He, Hsiang-Fu Kung, Maggie Haitian Wang, Zhengrong Yang, Lin Chen, Ming-Liang He, Yong Xia Gan, Benny Zee, Kenny K.Y. Siu, and Jin Zhao
- Subjects
Male ,Viral Diseases ,Interleukin-27 ,Gastroenterology and hepatology ,HIV Infections ,Clinical immunology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Hepatitis ,Immunodeficiency Viruses ,Interleukin 27 ,Multidisciplinary ,Coinfection ,virus diseases ,Hepatitis C ,Viral Load ,HIV immunopathogenesis ,Titer ,Infectious hepatitis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical Microbiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Medicine ,HIV clinical manifestations ,Female ,Viral load ,Research Article ,Adult ,China ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Hepatitis C virus ,T cell ,Science ,Immunology ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Virology ,medicine ,Humans ,Microbial Pathogens ,Liver diseases ,Medicine and health sciences ,Biology and life sciences ,HIV ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Diagnostic medicine ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count - Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and the resultant Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic are major global health challenges; hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection has made the HIV/AIDS epidemic even worse. Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a cytokine which inhibits HIV and HCV replication in vitro, associates with HIV infection and HIV/HCV co-infection in clinical settings. However, the impact of HIV and HCV viral loads on plasma IL-27 expression levels has not been well characterized. In this study, 155 antiretroviral therapy-naive Chinese were recruited. Among them 80 were HIV- and HCV-negative healthy controls, 45 were HIV-mono-infected and 30 were HIV/HCV-co-infected. Plasma level HIV, HCV, IL-27 and CD4+ number were counted and their correlation, regression relationships were explored. We show that: plasma IL-27 level was significantly upregulated in HIV-mono-infected and HIV/HCV-co-infected Chinese; HIV viral load was negatively correlated with IL-27 titer in HIV-mono-infected subjects whereas the relationship was opposite in HIV/HCV-co-infected subjects; and the relationships between HIV viral loads, IL-27 titers and CD4+ T cell counts in the HIV mono-infection and HIV/HCV co-infection groups were dramatically different. Overall, our results suggest that IL-27 differs in treatment-naive groups with HIV mono-infections and HIV/HCV co-infections, thereby providing critical information to be considered when caring and treating those with HIV mono-infection and HIV/HCV co-infection.
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- 2014
21. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from farm-raised diarrheic sika deer in Northeastern China
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Yu Zhou, Hongchen Jiang, Liang He, Lili Hao, Rui Li, and Qi Wang
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China ,Veterinary medicine ,Genotype ,Tetracycline ,Virulence ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Feces ,Antibiotic resistance ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,Escherichia coli ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:Science ,Escherichia coli Infections ,Multidisciplinary ,Deer ,lcsh:R ,Antimicrobial ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Streptomycin ,lcsh:Q ,Research Article ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In China, overuse and/or abuse of antimicrobials are common in stockbreeding, which possess high risks of antimicrobial-resistant contaminations. The serogroups, major virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistant patterns of the antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) were investigated in the feces of diarrheic farm-raised sika deer from 50 farms in three Northeastern provinces of China. A total of 220 E. coli isolates were obtained and characterized. Twenty-eight O serogroups were identified from the obtained E. coli isolates with O2, O26, O128, O142 and O154 being dominant. Nearly all the isolates were resistant to at least four of the tested antimicrobials. More than 90% of the E. coli isolates carried at least one of the tested virulence genes. About 85% of the E. coli isolates carried one or more antimicrobial-resistant genes responsible for resistant phenotypes of sulfonamides, streptomycin/spectionomycin or tetracycline. The antimicrobial resistant level and pathogenic group occurrences of the obtained E. coli isolates were higher than that of livestock and wild animals reported in some developed countries. Thus, the fecal-carrying antimicrobial-resistant E. coli from the farm-raised sika deer is potentially a significant contamination source for freshwater systems and food chain, and may pose great health risks for human and animals in Northeastern China.
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- 2013
22. Novel reassortant highly pathogenic H5N2 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China
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Qingtao Liu, Daxin Peng, Yanhong Wang, Jian Chen, Xiaobing Gu, Xiaoquan Wang, Xinlun Lu, Jinjin Pan, Min Gu, Sujuan Chen, Kunkun Zhao, Hongquan Wan, Zhiqiang Duan, Shengqiang Ge, Guo Zhao, Liang He, and Xiufan Liu
- Subjects
China ,viruses ,Reassortment ,lcsh:Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,H5N1 genetic structure ,Virus ,Poultry ,Veterinary Epidemiology ,Animal Influenza ,Phylogenetics ,medicine ,Influenza A virus ,Animals ,lcsh:Science ,Gene ,Phylogeny ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Zoonotic Diseases ,lcsh:R ,Veterinary Virology ,Virology ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Hemagglutinins ,Veterinary Diseases ,Influenza in Birds ,biology.protein ,Veterinary Science ,lcsh:Q ,Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype ,Neuraminidase ,Research Article - Abstract
There has been multiple evidence that domestic poultry may act as a vessel for the generation of novel influenza A viruses. In this study, we have analyzed the evolution and pathogenicity of 4 H5N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from apparently healthy poultry from H5N1 virus endemic areas in China. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two of these viruses, A/duck/Eastern China/1111/2011 (DK/EC/1111/11) and A/goose/Eastern China/1112/2011 (GS/EC/1112/11) were derived from reassortment events in which clade 2.3.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses acquired novel neuraminidase and nonstructural protein genes. Another two isolates, A/chicken/Hebei/1102/2010 (CK/HB/1102/10) and A/duck/Hebei/0908/2009 (DK/HB/0908/09), possess hemagglutinin (HA) gene belong to clade 7 H5 viruses and other genes from endemic H9N2 viruses, or from viruses of various subtypes of the natural gene pool. All of these H5N2 isolates bear characteristic sequences of HPAI virus at the cleavage site of HA, and animal experiments indicated that all of these viruses but DK/HB/0908/09 is highly pathogenic to chickens. In particular, DK/EC/1111/11 and GS/EC/1112/11 are also highly pathogenic to ducks and moderately pathogenic to mice. All of these 4 viruses were able to replicate in domestic ducks and mice without prior adaptation. The emergence of these novel H5N2 viruses adds more evidence for the active evolution of H5 viruses in Asia. The maintenance of the highly pathogenic phenotype of some of these viruses even after reassortment with a new NA subtypes, their ability to replicate and transmit in domestic poultry, and the pathogenicity in the mammalian mouse model, highlight the potential threat posed by these viruses to both veterinary and public health.
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- 2012
23. The viral TRAF protein (ORF111L) from infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus interacts with TRADD and induces caspase 8-mediated apoptosis
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Jianguo He, Bai-Liang He, Lu-Yun Yang, Junfeng Xie, Ji-Min Yuan, Shaoping Weng, and Xiao-Qiang Yu
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TRAF2 ,lcsh:Medicine ,Apoptosis ,Aquaculture ,Fish Diseases ,Molecular Cell Biology ,Signaling in Cellular Processes ,lcsh:Science ,Zebrafish ,Apoptotic Signaling Cascade ,Caspase ,Apoptotic Signaling ,Caspase 8 ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Caspase 3 ,NLRP1 ,Agriculture ,Animal Models ,TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain Protein ,Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins ,Signaling Cascades ,Fish Farming ,Ichthyology ,Research Article ,Signal Transduction ,Caspase 2 ,Marine Biology ,Microbiology ,Open Reading Frames ,Viral Proteins ,Model Organisms ,Virology ,Animals ,Biology ,lcsh:R ,Computational Biology ,Fisheries Science ,Molecular biology ,TRADD ,Iridoviridae ,Animal Models of Infection ,DNA, Viral ,Virulence Factors and Mechanisms ,biology.protein ,lcsh:Q ,Zoology ,Kidney necrosis - Abstract
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is the type species of the Megalocytivirus genus of the Iridoviridae family. It causes a serious and potentially pandemic disease in wild and cultured fishes. ISKNV infection induces evident apoptosis in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and zebrafish (Danio renio). However, the mechanism is still unknown. After a genome-wide bioinformatics analysis of ISKNV-encoded proteins, the ISKNV open reading frame 111L (ORF111L) shows a high similarity to the tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) encoded by fish, mice and mammals, which is essential for apoptotic signal transduction. Moreover, ORF111L was verified to directly interact with the zebrafish TNF receptor type 1 associated death domain protein (TRADD). A recombinant plasmid containing the DNA sequence of ORF111L was constructed and microinjected into zebrafish embryos at the 1–2 cell stage to investigate its biological function in vivo. ORF111L overexpression in the embryos resulted in increased apoptosis. ORF111L-induced apoptosis was clearly associated with significant caspase 8 upregulation and activation. The knockdown of zebrafish caspase 8 expression effectively blocked the apoptosis induced by ORF111L overexpression. Significantly, ORF111L overexpression resulted in much stronger effect on caspase 8 and caspase 3 upregulation compared to zebrafish TRAF2. This is the first report of a viral protein similar to TRAF that interacts with TRADD and induces caspase 8-mediated apoptosis, which may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of ISKNV infection.
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- 2012
24. Transcriptomic Assay of CD8+ T Cells in Treatment-Naïve HIV, HCV-Mono-Infected and HIV/HCV-Co-Infected Chinese
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Jing Lu, Lina Yi, Dan Huang, Ying Chen, Ming-Liang He, Chenli Zheng, Jin Tao Zhao, Hsiang-Fu Kung, Lin Chen, Yu-Feng Li, Jinquan Cheng, and Zhengrong Yang
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Male ,HIV opportunistic infections ,Hepacivirus ,lcsh:Medicine ,HIV Infections ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Cytotoxic T cell ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,T Cells ,Coinfection ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,virus diseases ,Cell Differentiation ,Genomics ,Hepatitis C ,Functional Genomics ,Medicine ,Infectious diseases ,Cytokines ,Research Article ,Adult ,Immune Cells ,Urology ,Immunology ,Viral diseases ,Microbiology ,Virus ,Immune system ,Asian People ,Virology ,medicine ,Humans ,Biology ,Cell Proliferation ,Genitourinary Infections ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Host Cells ,lcsh:R ,HIV ,Comparative Genomics ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Gene expression profiling ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Clinical Immunology ,lcsh:Q ,Genome Expression Analysis ,Transcriptome ,Viral Transmission and Infection ,CD8 ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Co-infection with HIV and HCV is very common. It is estimated that over 5 million people are co-infected with HIV and HCV worldwide. Accumulated evidence shows that each virus alters the course of infection of the other one. CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in the eradication of viruses and infected target cells. To the best of our knowledge, no one has investigated the gene expression profiles in HIV/HCV-co-infected individuals. METHODOLOGY: Genome-wide transcriptomes of CD8+ T cells from HIV/HCV-co-infected or mono-infected treatment-naïve individuals were analyzed by microarray assays. Pairwise comparisons were performed and differentially expressed genes were identified followed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation. Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) from Web-based Gene SeT AnaLysis Toolkit (WebGestalt) and DAVID bioinformatics resources 6.7 (the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery) were used to discover the Gene Ontology (GO) categories with significantly enriched gene numbers. The enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were also obtained by using WebGestalt software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A total of 110, 24 and 72 transcript IDs were shown to be differentially expressed (> 2-fold and p
- Published
- 2012
25. Molecular Epidemiology of HCV Monoinfection and HIV/ HCV Coinfection in Injection Drug Users in Liuzhou, Southern China.
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Yi Tan, Qi Hou Wei, Liu Jun Chen, Pui Chung Chan, Wen Sheng Lai, Ming Liang He, Hsiang Fu Kung, and Shui Shan Lee
- Subjects
HEPATITIS C virus ,MOLECULAR epidemiology ,MOLECULAR genetics ,DISEASE prevalence ,CLADISTIC analysis ,PHYLOGENY ,CROSS-sectional method ,GENETICS - Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono-infection and HCV/HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) co-infection are growing problems in injection drug users (IDU). Their prevalence and genotypic patterns vary with geographic locations. Access to harm reduction measures is opening up opportunities for improving the HIV/HCV profiling of IDU in China, where IDUs account for a significant proportion of the two infections especially in the southern part of the country. Methodology/Principal Findings: A cross sectional study was conducted. Through the Liuzhou Methadone Clinic, a total of 117 injection drug users (IDUs) were recruited from Guangxi, Southern China. A majority of the IDUs (96%) were HCV antibody positive, of which 21% were HIV infected. Unlike HCV monoinfection, there was spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of HIV/HCV coinfection, the latter also characterized by a higher prevalence of needle-sharing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that genotype 6a was predominant in the study population. There were shorter genetic distances among the 6a sequences compared to the other HCV subtypes-1a, 3a, and 3b. Conclusion/Significance: The results suggested that HIV and HCV were introduced at around the same time to the IDU populations in Southern China, followed by their differential spread as determined by the biologic characteristics of the virus and the intensity of behavioural risk. This pattern is different from that in other South East Asian countries where HCV infections have probably predated HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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- View/download PDF
26. Marking and quantifying IL-17A-producing cells in vivo.
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Price AE, Reinhardt RL, Liang HE, and Locksley RM
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- Animals, Cell Count, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental complications, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental immunology, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental pathology, Genes, Reporter genetics, Humans, Immunity, Innate drug effects, Immunity, Innate immunology, Inflammation pathology, Inflammation Mediators metabolism, Interferon-gamma biosynthesis, Interleukin-1beta pharmacology, Interleukin-23 pharmacology, Klebsiella Infections complications, Klebsiella Infections immunology, Klebsiella Infections microbiology, Klebsiella pneumoniae drug effects, Klebsiella pneumoniae physiology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Reproducibility of Results, Rest, T-Lymphocytes drug effects, Interleukin-17 biosynthesis, T-Lymphocytes immunology
- Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17A plays an important role in host defense against a variety of pathogens and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, precise identification and quantification of the cells that produce this cytokine in vivo have not been performed. We generated novel IL-17A reporter mice to investigate expression of IL-17A during Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, conditions previously demonstrated to potently induce IL-17A production. In both settings, the majority of IL-17A was produced by non-CD4(+) T cells, particularly γδ T cells, but also invariant NKT cells and other CD4(-)CD3ε(+) cells. As measured in dual-reporter mice, IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells greatly outnumbered IL-17A-producing Th17 cells throughout both challenges. Production of IL-17A by cells from unchallenged mice or by non-T cells under any condition was not evident. Administration of IL-1β and/or IL-23 elicited rapid production of IL-17A by γδ T cells, invariant NKT cells and other CD4(-)CD3ε(+) cells in vivo, demonstrating that these cells are poised for rapid cytokine production and likely comprise the major sources of this cytokine during acute immunologic challenges.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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