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3 results on '"María A. Oliveira-Miranda"'

1. Assessing the Cost of Global Biodiversity and Conservation Knowledge.

Author

Diego Juffe-Bignoli, Thomas M Brooks, Stuart H M Butchart, Richard B Jenkins, Kaia Boe, Michael Hoffmann, Ariadne Angulo, Steve Bachman, Monika Böhm, Neil Brummitt, Kent E Carpenter, Pat J Comer, Neil Cox, Annabelle Cuttelod, William R T Darwall, Moreno Di Marco, Lincoln D C Fishpool, Bárbara Goettsch, Melanie Heath, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Jon Hutton, Tim Johnson, Ackbar Joolia, David A Keith, Penny F Langhammer, Jennifer Luedtke, Eimear Nic Lughadha, Maiko Lutz, Ian May, Rebecca M Miller, María A Oliveira-Miranda, Mike Parr, Caroline M Pollock, Gina Ralph, Jon Paul Rodríguez, Carlo Rondinini, Jane Smart, Simon Stuart, Andy Symes, Andrew W Tordoff, Stephen Woodley, Bruce Young, and Naomi Kingston

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Knowledge products comprise assessments of authoritative information supported by standards, governance, quality control, data, tools, and capacity building mechanisms. Considerable resources are dedicated to developing and maintaining knowledge products for biodiversity conservation, and they are widely used to inform policy and advise decision makers and practitioners. However, the financial cost of delivering this information is largely undocumented. We evaluated the costs and funding sources for developing and maintaining four global biodiversity and conservation knowledge products: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems, Protected Planet, and the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. These are secondary data sets, built on primary data collected by extensive networks of expert contributors worldwide. We estimate that US$160 million (range: US$116-204 million), plus 293 person-years of volunteer time (range: 278-308 person-years) valued at US$ 14 million (range US$12-16 million), were invested in these four knowledge products between 1979 and 2013. More than half of this financing was provided through philanthropy, and nearly three-quarters was spent on personnel costs. The estimated annual cost of maintaining data and platforms for three of these knowledge products (excluding the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems for which annual costs were not possible to estimate for 2013) is US$6.5 million in total (range: US$6.2-6.7 million). We estimated that an additional US$114 million will be needed to reach pre-defined baselines of data coverage for all the four knowledge products, and that once achieved, annual maintenance costs will be approximately US$12 million. These costs are much lower than those to maintain many other, similarly important, global knowledge products. Ensuring that biodiversity and conservation knowledge products are sufficiently up to date, comprehensive and accurate is fundamental to inform decision-making for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Thus, the development and implementation of plans for sustainable long-term financing for them is critical.

Published
2016
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2. Scientific foundations for an IUCN Red List of ecosystems.

Author

David A Keith, Jon Paul Rodríguez, Kathryn M Rodríguez-Clark, Emily Nicholson, Kaisu Aapala, Alfonso Alonso, Marianne Asmussen, Steven Bachman, Alberto Basset, Edmund G Barrow, John S Benson, Melanie J Bishop, Ronald Bonifacio, Thomas M Brooks, Mark A Burgman, Patrick Comer, Francisco A Comín, Franz Essl, Don Faber-Langendoen, Peter G Fairweather, Robert J Holdaway, Michael Jennings, Richard T Kingsford, Rebecca E Lester, Ralph Mac Nally, Michael A McCarthy, Justin Moat, María A Oliveira-Miranda, Phil Pisanu, Brigitte Poulin, Tracey J Regan, Uwe Riecken, Mark D Spalding, and Sergio Zambrano-Martínez

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

An understanding of risks to biodiversity is needed for planning action to slow current rates of decline and secure ecosystem services for future human use. Although the IUCN Red List criteria provide an effective assessment protocol for species, a standard global assessment of risks to higher levels of biodiversity is currently limited. In 2008, IUCN initiated development of risk assessment criteria to support a global Red List of ecosystems. We present a new conceptual model for ecosystem risk assessment founded on a synthesis of relevant ecological theories. To support the model, we review key elements of ecosystem definition and introduce the concept of ecosystem collapse, an analogue of species extinction. The model identifies four distributional and functional symptoms of ecosystem risk as a basis for assessment criteria: A) rates of decline in ecosystem distribution; B) restricted distributions with continuing declines or threats; C) rates of environmental (abiotic) degradation; and D) rates of disruption to biotic processes. A fifth criterion, E) quantitative estimates of the risk of ecosystem collapse, enables integrated assessment of multiple processes and provides a conceptual anchor for the other criteria. We present the theoretical rationale for the construction and interpretation of each criterion. The assessment protocol and threat categories mirror those of the IUCN Red List of species. A trial of the protocol on terrestrial, subterranean, freshwater and marine ecosystems from around the world shows that its concepts are workable and its outcomes are robust, that required data are available, and that results are consistent with assessments carried out by local experts and authorities. The new protocol provides a consistent, practical and theoretically grounded framework for establishing a systematic Red List of the world's ecosystems. This will complement the Red List of species and strengthen global capacity to report on and monitor the status of biodiversity.

Published
2013
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3. Assessing the Cost of Global Biodiversity and Conservation Knowledge

Author

Bruce E. Young, Jon Paul Rodríguez, Neil Brummitt, Stuart H. M. Butchart, Jane Smart, Naomi Kingston, Ariadne Angulo, María A. Oliveira-Miranda, Gina M. Ralph, Timothy P. Johnson, Thomas M. Brooks, Rebecca M. Miller, Jon Hutton, Jennifer Luedtke, Moreno Di Marco, Neil A. Cox, Kent E. Carpenter, Annabelle Cuttelod, Penny F. Langhammer, Caroline M. Pollock, David A. Keith, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Steve P. Bachman, Eimear Nic Lughadha, Patrick J. Comer, Lincoln Fishpool, Andy Symes, Diego Juffe-Bignoli, Carlo Rondinini, William Darwall, Stephen Woodley, Michael R. Hoffmann, Michael J. Parr, Ackbar Joolia, Richard K. B. Jenkins, Ian May, Bárbara Goettsch, Maiko L. Lutz, Melanie Heath, Andrew W. Tordoff, Kaia Boe, Monika Böhm, Simon N. Stuart, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), IUCN, Univ Philippines Banos, Univ Tasmania, BirdLife Int, Univ Cambridge, IUCN Global Species Programme, IUCN Species Survival Commiss, Royal Bot Gardens, Zool Soc London, Nat Hist Museum, Old Domin Univ, Conservat Int, Univ Queensland, WWF Int, Univ New S Wales, Arizona State Univ, IUCN Global Ecosyst Management Programme, Provita, Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Sapienza Univ Rome, Crit Ecosyst Partnership Fund, World Commiss Protected Areas IUCN, NatureServe, Amer Bird Conservancy, and New South Wales Off Environm & Heritage

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Internationality, Databases, Factual, Natural resource economics, Economics, Data management, Biodiversity, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Planets, Astronomical Sciences, 01 natural sciences, 11. Sustainability, IUCN Red List, lcsh:Science, Conservation Science, Data Management, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Planetary Sciences, Environmental resource management, Capacity building, Celestial Objects, Work (electrical), Physical Sciences, Vertebrates, Costs and Cost Analysis, Philanthropic Funding of Science, Research Article, Conservation of Natural Resources, Computer and Information Sciences, Science Policy, 010603 evolutionary biology, Research Funding, Ecosystems, 12. Responsible consumption, Birds, Animals, Sustainable development, biodiversity, conservation of natural resources, costs and cost analysis, databases, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Sustainability science, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Amniotes, lcsh:Q, business, Finance, Global biodiversity
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T15:30:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-08-16 MAVA foundation Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) National Science Foundation's Dimensions of Biodiversity program Rufford Foundation Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) Partnership Knowledge products comprise assessments of authoritative information supported by standards, governance, quality control, data, tools, and capacity building mechanisms. Considerable resources are dedicated to developing and maintaining knowledge products for biodiversity conservation, and they are widely used to inform policy and advise decision makers and practitioners. However, the financial cost of delivering this information is largely undocumented. We evaluated the costs and funding sources for developing and maintaining four global biodiversity and conservation knowledge products: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems, Protected Planet, and the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. These are secondary data sets, built on primary data collected by extensive networks of expert contributors worldwide. We estimate that US$160 million (range: US$116-204 million), plus 293 person-years of volunteer time (range: 278308 person-years) valued at US$14 million (range US$12-16 million), were invested in these four knowledge products between 1979 and 2013. More than half of this financing was provided through philanthropy, and nearly three-quarters was spent on personnel costs. The estimated annual cost of maintaining data and platforms for three of these knowledge products (excluding the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems for which annual costs were not possible to estimate for 2013) is US$6.5 million in total (range: US$6.2-6.7 million). We estimated that an additional US$114 million will be needed to reach pre-defined baselines of data coverage for all the four knowledge products, and that once achieved, annual maintenance costs will be approximately US$12 million. These costs are much lower than those to maintain many other, similarly important, global knowledge products. Ensuring that biodiversity and conservation knowledge products are sufficiently up to date, comprehensive and accurate is fundamental to inform decision-making for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Thus, the development and implementation of plans for sustainable long-term financing for them is critical. UNESP WCMC, United Nations Environm Programme, 219 Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England IUCN, 28 Rue Mauverney, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland Univ Philippines Banos, World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF, Laguna 4031, Philippines Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarct Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia BirdLife Int, David Attenborough Bldg,Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England IUCN Global Species Programme, David Attenborough Bldg,Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England IUCN, Nature Based Solut Grp, 28 Rue Mauverney, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland IUCN Species Survival Commiss, Amphibian Specialist Grp, Toronto, ON M8W 1R2, Canada Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England Old Domin Univ, IUCN Marine Biodivers Unit, Global Species Programme Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA USA Conservat Int, IUCN Global Species Programme, IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment, 2011 Crystal Dr,Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202 USA Univ Queensland, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia WWF Int, Luc Hoffmann Inst, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland Univ New S Wales, Ctr Ecosyst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA IUCN Global Ecosyst Management Programme, David Attenborough Bldg,Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England Provita, Apdo 47552, Caracas 1041A, Venezuela Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Apdo 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Biol & Biotechnol, Global Mammal Assessment Program, Viale Univ 32, I-00185 Rome, Italy IUCN, Biodivers Conservat Grp, 28 Rue Mauverney, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland Crit Ecosyst Partnership Fund, 2011 Crystal Dr,Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202 USA World Commiss Protected Areas IUCN, 64 Juniper Rd, Chelsea, PQ J9B 1T3, Canada NatureServe, 4600 N Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22203 USA Amer Bird Conservancy, 1731 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC 20009 USA New South Wales Off Environm & Heritage, Hurstville, NSW 2220, Australia UNESP WCMC, United Nations Environm Programme, 219 Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England National Science Foundation's Dimensions of Biodiversity program: 1136586

Published
2016

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