12 results on '"Thorne, Claire"'
Search Results
2. It ain’t what you do, it’s the way that you do it: The pitfalls of using routine data to measure early infant HIV diagnosis in HIV-exposed infants
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Chappell, Elizabeth, primary, Thorne, Claire, additional, Collins, Intira Jeannie, additional, Baisley, Kathy, additional, Yapa, H. Manisha, additional, Gareta, Dickman, additional, Bärnighausen, Till, additional, Herbst, Kobus, additional, and Judd, Ali, additional
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- 2021
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3. Preterm delivery and small-for-gestation outcomes in HIV-infected pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy in rural South Africa: Results from a cohort study, 2010-2015
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Chetty, Terusha, primary, Thorne, Claire, additional, and Coutsoudis, Anna, additional
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- 2018
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4. Anxiety symptoms and felt stigma among young people living with perinatally or behaviourally-acquired HIV in Ukraine: A cross-sectional survey.
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Durteste, Marion, Kyselyova, Galyna, Volokha, Alla, Judd, Ali, Thorne, Claire, Cortina-Borja, Mario, Malyuta, Ruslan, Martsynovska, Violeta, Nizova, Nataliya, Bailey, Heather, and null, null
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AIDS patients ,ANXIETY ,PSYCHIATRIC research ,IMMUNODEFICIENCY ,SOCIAL stigma ,RETROVIRUSES - Abstract
Background: Ukraine has the second largest European HIV epidemic. This study aimed to describe stigma, demographic and social factors and their association with anxiety among perinatally and behaviourally-HIV-infected (PHIV; BHIV) young people in Kiev and Odessa. Methods: 104 PHIV and 100 BHIV young people aged 13–25 years completed a confidential tablet-based survey. Survey tools included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (anxiety sub-scale scores of 8–10 indicating mild and ≥11 moderate/severe symptoms in last 7 days), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and HIV Stigma Scale (HSS) (short version, composite of disclosure, negative self-image and public attitudes sub-scales). Unadjusted Poisson regression models were fitted to explore factors associated with moderate/severe anxiety symptoms. Results: PHIV and BHIV young people were of median age 15.5 [IQR 13.9–17.1] and 23.0 [21.0–24.3] years, having registered for HIV care a median 12.3 [10.3–14.4] and 0.9 [0.2–2.4] years previously; 97% (97/100) and 66% (65/99) respectively were on ART. Overall 43% (95%CI 36–50%) reported any and 13% (95%CI 9–19%) moderate/severe anxiety symptoms, with no difference by HIV acquisition mode (p = 0.405) or gender (p = 0.700). 42% (75/180) reported history of an emotional health problem for which they had not been referred/attended for care. Moderate/severe anxiety symptoms were associated with HIV-related stigma (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.24 95%CI 1.14–1.34 per HSS unit increase), lower self-esteem (PR 0.83 95%CI 0.78–0.90 per RSES point increase), CD4 ≤350 cells/mm
3 (PR 2.29 95%CI 1.06–4.97), having no-one at home who knew the respondent’s HIV status (PR 9.15 95%CI 3.40–24.66 vs all know) and, among BHIV, less stable living situation (PR 6.83 95%CI 1.99–23.48 for ≥2 vs no home moves in last 3 years) and history of drug use (PR 4.65 95%CI 1.83–11.85). Conclusions: Results indicated unmet need for psychosocial support. Further work is needed to explore strategies for mental health support, particularly around disclosure, self-esteem and stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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5. Cell-Free (RNA) and Cell-Associated (DNA) HIV-1 and Postnatal Transmission through Breastfeeding
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Ndirangu, James, primary, Viljoen, Johannes, additional, Bland, Ruth M., additional, Danaviah, Siva, additional, Thorne, Claire, additional, Van de Perre, Philippe, additional, and Newell, Marie-Louise, additional
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- 2012
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6. Cervical Screening within HIV Care: Findings from an HIV-Positive Cohort in Ukraine
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Bailey, Heather, primary, Thorne, Claire, additional, Semenenko, Igor, additional, Malyuta, Ruslan, additional, Tereschenko, Rostislav, additional, Adeyanova, Irina, additional, Kulakovskaya, Elena, additional, Ostrovskaya, Lyudmila, additional, Kvasha, Liliana, additional, Cortina-Borja, Mario, additional, and Townsend, Claire L., additional
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- 2012
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7. Inflammation, Coagulation and Cardiovascular Disease in HIV-Infected Individuals.
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Duprez, Daniel A., Neuhaus, Jacqueline, Kuller, Lewis H., Tracy, Russell, Belloso, Waldo, De Wit, Stephane, Drummond, Fraser, Lane, H. Clifford, Ledergerber, Bruno, Lundgren, Jens, Nixon, Daniel, Paton, Nicholas I., Prineas, Ronald J., Neaton, James D., and Thorne, Claire
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INFLAMMATION ,BLOOD coagulation ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,HIV-positive persons ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,DIMERS ,BIOMARKERS - Abstract
Background: The SMART study was a trial of intermittent use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) (drug conservation [DC]) versus continuous use of ART (viral suppression [VS]) as a strategy to reduce toxicities, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We studied the predictive value of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and D-dimer with CVD morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients who were enrolled in SMART beyond other measured CVD risk factors. Methods: A blood sample was available in 5098 participants who were enrolled in the SMART study for the measurement of IL-6, hsCRP and D-dimer. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CI for CVD events were estimated for each quartile (Q) for each biomarker vs the 1st quartile and for 1 SD higher levels. For both treatment groups combined, unadjusted and adjusted HRs were determined using Cox regression models. Results: There were 252 participants who had a CVD event over a median follow-up of 29 months. Adjusted HRs (95% CI) for CVD for Q4 vs Q1 were 4.65 (2.61, 8.29), 2.10 (1.40, 3.16), and 2.14 (1.38, 3.33) for IL-6, hsCRP and D-dimer, respectively. Associations were similar for the DC and VS treatment groups (interaction p-values were >0.30). The addition of the three biomarkers to a model that included baseline covariates significantly improved model fit (p<0.001). Area under the curve (AUC) estimates improved with inclusion of the three biomarkers in a model that included baseline covariates corresponding to other CVD risk factors and HIV factors (0.741 to 0.771; p<0.001 for difference). Conclusions: In HIV-infected individuals, IL-6, hsCRP and D-dimer are associated with an increased risk of CVD independent of other CVD risk factors. Further research is needed to determine whether these biomarkers can be used to improve CVD risk prediction among HIV positive individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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8. Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalised Children in Germany Are Decreasing: Results of a Nine Year Cohort-Based Comparison.
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Oehme, Ann-Kathrin, Rashed, Asia N., Hefele, Barbara, Wong, Ian C. K., Rascher, Wolfgang, Neubert, Antje, and Thorne, Claire
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DRUG therapy ,DRUG side effects ,HOSPITAL wards ,HOSPITAL care of children ,UNIVERSITY hospitals - Abstract
Background: In recent years, efforts have been made to improve paediatric drug therapy. The aim of this research was to investigate any changes regarding the frequency and nature of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in hospitalized children in one paediatric general medical ward over a 9-year period. Methodology: Two prospective observational cohort studies were conducted at a large University hospital in Germany in 1999 and 2008, respectively. Children aged 0-18 years admitted to the study ward during the study periods were included. ADRs were identified using intensive chart review. Uni- and multivariable regression has been used for data analysis. Results: A total of 520 patients (574 admissions) were included [1999: n = 144 (167); 2008: n = 376 (407)]. Patients received a total of 2053 drugs [median 3, interquartile range (IQR) 2-5]. 19% of patients did not receive any medication. Median length of stay was 4 days (IQR 3-7; range 1-190 days) with a significantly longer length of stay in 1999. The overall ADR incidence was 13.1% (95% CI, 9.8-16.3) varying significantly between the two study cohorts [1999: 21.9%, 95% CI, 14.7-29.0; 2008: 9.2%, 95% CI, 5.9-12.5 (p<0.001)]. Antibacterials and corticosteroids for systemic use caused most of the ADRs in both cohorts (1999; 2008). Exposure to systemic antibacterials decreased from 62.9% to 43.5% whereas exposure to analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs increased from 17.4% to 45.2%, respectively. The use of high risk drugs decreased from 75% to 62.2%. In 1999, 45.7% and in 2008 96.2% of ADRs were identified by treating clinicians (p<0.001). Conclusions: Between 1999 and 2008, the incidence of ADRs decreased significantly. Improved treatment strategies and an increased awareness of ADRs by physicians are most likely to be the cause for this positive development. Nevertheless further research on ADRs particularly in primary care and the establishment of prospective pharmacovigilance systems are still needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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9. Risk Factors for HIV and Unprotected Anal Intercourse among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
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Berry, Mark, Wirtz, Andrea L., Janayeva, Assel, Ragoza, Valentina, Terlikbayeva, Assel, Amirov, Bauyrzhan, Baral, Stefan, Beyrer, Chris, and Thorne, Claire
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MEN who have sex with men ,HIV infections ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission ,SEXUAL intercourse ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,ANALYSIS of variance ,DISEASES - Abstract
Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for HIV infection. MSM in Central Asia, however, are not adequately studied to assess their risk of HIV transmission. Methods: This study used respondent driven sampling methods to recruit 400 MSM in Almaty, the largest city in Kazakhstan, into a cross-sectional study. Participation involved a one-time interviewer- administered questionnaire and rapid HIV screening test. Prevalence data were adjusted for respondent network size and recruitment patterns. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association between HIV and selected risk factors, and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and selected risk factors. Results: After respondent driven sampling (RDS) weighted analysis, 20.2% of MSM were HIV-positive, and 69.0% had unprotected sex with at least one male partner in the last 12 months. Regression analysis showed that HIV infection was associated with unprotected receptive anal sex (AOR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.04-3.84). Having unprotected anal intercourse with male partners, a measure of HIV risk behaviors, was associated with being single (AOR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.23- 0.64); very difficult access to lubricants (AOR: 11.08; 95% CI: 4.93-24.91); STI symptoms (AOR: 3.45; 95% CI: 1.42-8.40); transactional sex (AOR: 3.21; 95% CI: 1.66-6.22); and non-injection drug use (AOR: 3.10; 95% CI: 1.51-6.36). Conclusions: This study found a high HIV prevalence among MSM in Almaty, and a population of MSM engaging in multiple high-risk behavior in Almaty. Greater access to HIV education and prevention interventions is needed to limit the HIV epidemic among MSM in Almaty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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10. Alcohol Intake in Pregnancy Increases the Child's Risk of Atopic Dermatitis. The COPSAC Prospective Birth Cohort Study of a High Risk Population.
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Carson, Charlotte Giwercman, Halkjaer, Liselotte Brydensholt, Jensen, Signe Marie, Bisgaard, Hans, and Thorne, Claire
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ATOPIC dermatitis ,DEVELOPED countries ,LIFESTYLES ,ALCOHOL drinking ,ALCOHOL use in pregnancy ,ASTHMA in pregnancy - Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis has increased four-fold over the recent decades in developed countries, indicating that changes in environmental factors associated with lifestyle may play an important role in this epidemic. It has been proposed that alcohol consumption may be one contributing risk factor in this development. Objective:To analyze the impact of alcohol intake during pregnancy on the development of atopic dermatitis during the first 7 years of life. Method: The COPSAC cohort is a prospective, longitudinal, birth cohort study of 411 children born to mothers with a history of asthma, followed up for 7 years with scheduled visits every 6 months as well as visits for acute exacerbations of atopic dermatitis. Risk of atopic dermatitis from any alcohol consumption during pregnancy was analyzed as time-to-diagnosis and adjusted for known risk factors. Results: 177 of 411 children developed atopic dermatitis before age 7 years. We found a significant effect of alcohol intake during pregnancy on atopic dermatitis development (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.05-1.99 p = 0.024). This conclusion was unaffected after adjustment for smoking, mother's education and mother's atopic dermatitis. Limitations: The selection of a high- risk cohort, with all mothers suffering from asthma, and all children having a gestational age above 35 weeks with no congenital abnormality, systemic illness, or history of mechanical ventilation or lower airway infection. Conclusion: Alcohol intake by pregnant women with a history of asthma, is significantly associated with an increased risk for the child for developing atopic dermatitis during the first 7 years of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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11. Maternal Nutritional Status Predicts Adverse Birth Outcomes among HIV- Infected Rural Ugandan Women Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.
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Young, Sera, Murray, Katherine, Mwesigwa, Julia, Natureeba, Paul, Osterbauer, Beth, Achan, Jane, Arinaitwe, Emmanuel, Clark, Tamara, Ades, Veronica, Plenty, Albert, Charlebois, Edwin, Ruel, Theodore, Kamya, Moses, Havlir, Diane, Cohan, Deborah, and Thorne, Claire
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NUTRITIONAL status ,CHILDBIRTH ,HIV ,HEMOGLOBINS ,PREGNANCY ,WEIGHT gain in pregnancy - Abstract
Objective: Maternal nutritional status is an important predictor of birth outcomes, yet little is known about the nutritional status of HIV-infected pregnant women treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We therefore examined the relationship between maternal BMI at study enrollment, gestational weight gain (GWG), and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) among 166 women initiating cART in rural Uganda. Design: Prospective cohort. Methods: HIV- infected, ART-naïve pregnant women were enrolled between 12 and 28 weeks gestation and treated with a protease inhibitor or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based combination regimen. Nutritional status was assessed monthly. Neonatal anthropometry was examined at birth. Outcomes were evaluated using multivariate analysis. Results: Mean GWG was 0.17 kg/week, 14.6% of women experienced weight loss during pregnancy, and 44.9% were anemic. Adverse fetal outcomes included low birth weight (LBW) (19.6%), preterm delivery (17.7%), fetal death (3.9%), stunting (21.1%), small-for-gestational age (15.1%), and head-sparing growth restriction (26%). No infants were HIV- infected. Gaining <0.1 kg/week was associated with LBW, preterm delivery, and a composite adverse obstetric/fetal outcome. Maternal weight at 7 months gestation predicted LBW. For each g/dL higher mean Hb, the odds of small-for-gestational age decreased by 52%. Conclusions: In our cohort of HIV-infected women initiating cART during pregnancy, grossly inadequate GWG was common. Infants whose mothers gained <0.1 kg/week were at increased risk for LBW, preterm delivery, and composite adverse birth outcomes, cART by itself may not be sufficient for decreasing the burden of adverse birth outcomes among HIV- infected women. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00993031 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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12. The Burden of Oral Disease among Perinatally HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Youth
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Kunjal Patel, Jonathan S Russell, Stephen S. Dominy, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, Russell B. Van Dyke, George R. Seage, Rohan Hazra, Matt McKenna, Tzy-Jyun Yao, Mark I. Ryder, Shiboski, and Thorne, Claire
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Male ,Bacterial Diseases ,RNA viruses ,Pediatric AIDS ,Pediatrics ,Cross-sectional study ,Physiology ,Digestive Physiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Dentistry ,HIV Infections ,Oral Health ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Gingivitis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oral Diseases ,Immunodeficiency Viruses ,Caries ,Diagnosis ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,lcsh:Science ,Child ,Pediatric ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Diagnosis, Oral ,Viral Load ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical Microbiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Lentivirus ,Viruses ,HIV/AIDS ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Pathogens ,Infection ,Viral load ,Cohort study ,Research Article ,Oral ,Adult ,Pediatric Research Initiative ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,General Science & Technology ,Oral Medicine ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Clinical Research ,Retroviruses ,medicine ,Humans ,Dentition ,Shiboski ,Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease ,Periodontitis ,Microbial Pathogens ,Periodontal Diseases ,business.industry ,Prevention ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,HIV ,Biology and Life Sciences ,030206 dentistry ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Tooth Diseases ,lcsh:Q ,business - Abstract
Author(s): Moscicki, Anna-Barbara; Yao, Tzy-Jyun; Ryder, Mark I; Russell, Jonathan S; Dominy, Stephen S; Patel, Kunjal; McKenna, Matt; Van Dyke, Russell B; Seage, George R; Hazra, Rohan; Shiboski | Abstract: ObjectiveTo compare oral health parameters in perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected youth (PHEU).MethodsIn a cross-sectional substudy within the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study, participants were examined for number of decayed teeth (DT), Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT), oral mucosal disease, and periodontal disease (PD). Covariates for oral health parameters were examined using zero-inflated negative binomial regression and ordinal logistic regression models.ResultsEleven sites enrolled 209 PHIV and 126 PHEU. Higher DT scores were observed in participants who were PHIV [Adjusted Mean Ratio (aMR) = 1.7 (95% CI 1.2-2.5)], female [aMR = 1.4 (1.0-1.9)], had no source of regular dental care [aMR = 2.3 (1.5-3.4)], and had a high frequency of meals/snacks [≥5 /day vs 0-3, aMR = 1.9 (1.1-3.1)] and juice/soda [≥5 /day vs 0-3, aMR = 1.6 (1.1-2.4)]. Higher DMFT scores were observed in participants who were older [≥19, aMR = 1.9 (1.2-2.9)], had biological parent as caregiver [aMR = 1.2 (1.0-1.3)], had a high frequency of juice/soda [≥5 /day vs 0-3, aMR = 1.4 (1.1-1.7)] and a low saliva flow rate [mL/min, aMR = 0.8 per unit higher (0.6-1.0)]. Eighty percent had PD; no differences were seen by HIV status using the patient-based classifications of health, gingivitis or mild, moderate, or severe periodontitis. No associations were observed of CD4 count and viral load with oral health outcomes after adjustment.ConclusionsOral health was poor in PHIV and PHEU youth. This was dismaying since most HIV infected children in the U.S. are carefully followed at medical health care clinics. This data underscore the need for regular dental care. As PHIV youth were at higher risk for cavities, it will be important to better understand this relationship in order to develop targeted interventions.
- Published
- 2015
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