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1. Cardiovascular risk factors in HIV infected individuals: Comparison with general adult control population in Greece.

Author

Giota Touloumi, Natasa Kalpourtzi, Vasileios Papastamopoulos, Vasilios Paparizos, Georgios Adamis, Anastasia Antoniadou, Maria Chini, Argiro Karakosta, Konstantinos Makrilakis, Magda Gavana, Apostolos Vantarakis, Mina Psichogiou, Simeon Metallidis, Nikolaos V Sipsas, Helen Sambatakou, Christos Hadjichristodoulou, Paraskevi V Voulgari, George Chrysos, Charalambos Gogos, Grigoris Chlouverakis, Grigoris Tripsianis, Yannis Alamanos, George Stergiou, and AMACS and EMENO

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BackgroundAlthough combined antiretroviral therapy has substantially improved the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV), mortality remains higher compared to the general population, mainly due to higher prevalence of non-HIV-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We assessed the prevalence of CVD risk and its contributing factors in adult PLHIV versus general population controls in Greece.SettingsCross-sectional comparison of PLHIV (Athens-Multicenter-AIDS-Cohort-Study; AMACS) versus general population controls (National health examination survey; EMENO).MethodsAll HIV-infected adults with ≥1 measurement of interest (blood pressure, lipids, glucose, weight, height) between 2012-2014 and all EMENO participants (2014-2016) were included. Ten-year total CVD risk was estimated using the Framingham (FRS) or the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) equations.Results5839 PLHIV (median age:41.6 years, 85.4% males) and 4820 controls (median age:48 years, 48.4% males) were included. Adjusting for age, sex and origin, PLHIV were more likely to be current smokers (adjusted OR:1.53 [95% CI:1.35-1.74]) and dyslipidemic (aOR:1.18; [1.04-1.34]), less likely to be obese (aOR:0.44 [0.38-0.52], with no differences in hypertension, diabetes or high (≥20%) FRS but with greater odds of high (≥5%) SCORE (aOR:1.55 [1.05-2.30]). Further adjustment for educational level, anti-HCV positivity and BMI showed higher prevalence of hypertension in PLHIV.ConclusionsDespite the relative absence of obesity, PLHIV have higher prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors and higher risk of fatal CVD compared to general population. Regular screening and early management of CVD risk factors in PLHIV should be of high priority for CVD prevention.

Published
2020
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2. Cardiovascular risk factors in HIV infected individuals: Comparison with general adult control population in Greece

Author

Helen Sambatakou, George Chrysos, Maria Giovanna Chini, Emeno, Yannis Alamanos, Nikolaos V. Sipsas, Simeon Metallidis, Anastasia Antoniadou, Magda Gavana, Konstantinos Makrilakis, Grigoris Chlouverakis, Charalambos Gogos, Vasilios Paparizos, Christos Hadjichristodoulou, Vasileios Papastamopoulos, Giota Touloumi, G. Tripsianis, Mina Psichogiou, Apostolos Vantarakis, Georgios Adamis, Paraskevi V. Voulgari, Natasa Kalpourtzi, George S. Stergiou, and Argiro Karakosta

Subjects
Male, Physiology, Epidemiology, Blood Pressure, HIV Infections, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vascular Medicine, Geographical locations, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Risk Factors, Medicine and Health Sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Framingham Risk Score, Greece, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Europe, Physiological Parameters, Cardiovascular Diseases, Hypertension, Medicine, Female, Research Article, Adult, Adolescent, Endocrine Disorders, Science, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Obesity, European Union, education, Aged, business.industry, Body Weight, Case-control study, Biology and Life Sciences, medicine.disease, Dyslipidemia, Metabolic Disorders, Medical Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, People and places, business, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract

BackgroundAlthough combined antiretroviral therapy has substantially improved the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV), mortality remains higher compared to the general population, mainly due to higher prevalence of non-HIV-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We assessed the prevalence of CVD risk and its contributing factors in adult PLHIV versus general population controls in Greece.SettingsCross-sectional comparison of PLHIV (Athens-Multicenter-AIDS-Cohort-Study; AMACS) versus general population controls (National health examination survey; EMENO).MethodsAll HIV-infected adults with ≥1 measurement of interest (blood pressure, lipids, glucose, weight, height) between 2012-2014 and all EMENO participants (2014-2016) were included. Ten-year total CVD risk was estimated using the Framingham (FRS) or the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) equations.Results5839 PLHIV (median age:41.6 years, 85.4% males) and 4820 controls (median age:48 years, 48.4% males) were included. Adjusting for age, sex and origin, PLHIV were more likely to be current smokers (adjusted OR:1.53 [95% CI:1.35-1.74]) and dyslipidemic (aOR:1.18; [1.04-1.34]), less likely to be obese (aOR:0.44 [0.38-0.52], with no differences in hypertension, diabetes or high (≥20%) FRS but with greater odds of high (≥5%) SCORE (aOR:1.55 [1.05-2.30]). Further adjustment for educational level, anti-HCV positivity and BMI showed higher prevalence of hypertension in PLHIV.ConclusionsDespite the relative absence of obesity, PLHIV have higher prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors and higher risk of fatal CVD compared to general population. Regular screening and early management of CVD risk factors in PLHIV should be of high priority for CVD prevention.

Published
2020

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