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ObjectiveBy analyzing the pathological characteristics and clinical data of renal biopsy in our hospital in the past 20 years, to further understand the epidemic characteristics and pathological changes of primary glomerular disease, and to provide regional data for the big data of kidney disease in my country.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 9448 patients with primary glomerular disease who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2019, aged 18 years or older, and undergoing renal biopsy. Divided every 5 years into a group, a total of 4 groups (first group 2000.1.1-2004.12.31, second groups 2005.1.1-2009.12.31; third groups 2010.1.1-2014.12.31, fourth groups 2015.1.1-2019.12.31).Results① There were more males than females, and male: female vs 1.53:1. The proportion of men in the past five years has increased compared with the previous 15 years. ② Mostly middle-aged, with a median age of 41.39 years old. The age is increasing over time. There are differences between the four groups, P ConclusionIn the past 20 years, the primary glomerular disease is mainly middle-aged. There are more men than women. The most common type of clinical manifestation is nephrotic syndrome. The pathological type is mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Over time, the average age is increasing, and the proportion of patients with renal syndrome is increasing. IgA nephropathy is the most common pathological type from 2010 to 2014, and membranous nephropathy has become the main pathological type in the past 5 years.

Type 1 diabetic Akita mice develop severe cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction that we have previously demonstrated is due at least in part to an abnormality in the response of the end organ to parasympathetic stimulation. Specifically, we had shown that hypoinsulinemia in the diabetic heart results in attenuation of the G-protein coupled inward rectifying K channel (GIRK) which mediates the negative chronotropic response to parasympathetic stimulation due at least in part to decreased expression of the GIRK1 and GIRK4 subunits of the channel. We further demonstrated that the expression of GIRK1 and GIRK4 is under the control of the Sterol Regulatory element Binding Protein (SREBP-1), which is also decreased in response to hypoinsulinemia. Finally, given that hyperactivity of Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK)3β, had been demonstrated in the diabetic heart, we demonstrated that treatment of Akita mice with Li+, an inhibitor of GSK3β, increased parasympathetic responsiveness and SREBP-1 levels consistent with the conclusion that GSK3β might regulate IKACh via an effect on SREBP-1. However, inhibitor studies were complicated by lack of specificity for GSK3β. Here we generated an Akita mouse with cardiac specific inducible knockout of GSK3β. Using this mouse, we demonstrate that attenuation of GSK3β expression is associated with an increase in parasympathetic responsiveness measured as an increase in the heart rate response to atropine from 17.3 ± 3.5% (n = 8) prior to 41.2 ± 5.4% (n = 8, P = 0.017), an increase in the duration of carbamylcholine mediated bradycardia from 8.43 ± 1.60 min (n = 7) to 12.71 ± 2.26 min (n = 7, P = 0.028) and an increase in HRV as measured by an increase in the high frequency fraction from 40.78 ± 3.86% to 65.04 ± 5.64 (n = 10, P = 0.005). Furthermore, patch clamp measurements demonstrated a 3-fold increase in acetylcholine stimulated peak IKACh in atrial myocytes from GSK3β deficiency mice compared with control. Finally, western blot analysis of atrial extracts from knockout mice demonstrated increased levels of SREBP-1, GIRK1 and GIRK4 compared with control. Taken together with our prior observations, these data establish a role of increased GSK3β activity in the pathogenesis of parasympathetic dysfunction in type 1 diabetes via the regulation of IKACh and GIRK1/4 expression.

Evaluating the assessing results' rationality for farmland quality (FQ) is usually qualitative and based on farmers and experts' perceptions of soil quality and crop yield. Its quantitative checking still remains difficult and is likely ignored. In this paper, FQ in Xiuwu County, the Northwest Henan Province, China was evaluated by the gray relational analysis (GRA) method and the traditional analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The consistency rate of two results was analysed. Research focused on proposing one method of testing the evaluation results' rationality for FQ based on the crop yield. Firstly generating a grade map of crop yield and overlying it with the FQ evaluation maps. Then analysing their consistency rate for each grade in the same spatial position. Finally examining the consistency effects and allowing for a decision on adopting the results. The results showed that the area rate consistency and matching evaluation unit numbers between the two methods were 84.68% and 87.29%, respectively, and the space distribution was approximately equal. The area consistency rates between crop yield level and FQ evaluation levels by GRA and AHP were 78.15% and 74.29%, respectively. Therefore, the verifying effects of GRA and AHP were near, good and acceptable, and the FQ results from both could reflect the crop yield levels. The evaluation results by GCA, as a whole, were slightly more rational than that by AHP.

OBJECTIVE: Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier is known to have an important etiologic role in the pathophysiology of heat stroke. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play a role in maintaining and protecting the TJ structure and function. This study is aimed at investigating whether n-3 PUFAs could alleviate heat stress-induced dysfunction of intestinal tight junction. METHODS: Human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells were pre-incubated with EPA, DHA or arachidonic acid (AA) and then exposed to heat stress. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) permeability were measured to analyze barrier integrity. Levels of TJ proteins, including occludin, ZO-1 and claudin-2, were analyzed by Western blot and localized by immunofluorescence microscopy. Messenger RNA levels were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). TJ morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: EPA effectively attenuated the decrease in TEER and impairment of intestinal permeability in HRP flux induced by heat exposure. EPA significantly elevated the expression of occludin and ZO-1, while DHA was less effective and AA was not at all effective. The distortion and redistribution of TJ proteins, and disruption of morphology were also effectively prevented by pretreatment with EPA. CONCLUSION: This study indicates for the first time that EPA is more potent than DHA in protecting against heat-induced permeability dysfunction and epithelial barrier damage of tight junction.

Inflammation is a hallmark of many diseases. Although steroids and cyclooxygenase inhibitors are main anti-inflammatory therapeutical agents, they may cause serious side effects. Therefore, developing non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents is urgently needed. A novel hydrosoluble compound, C12 (2,6-bis(4-(3-(dimethylamino)-propoxy)benzylidene)cyclohexanone), has been designed and synthesized as an anti-inflammatory agent in our previous study. In the present study, we investigated whether C12 can affect inflammatory processes in vitro and in vivo. In mouse primary peritoneal macrophages, C12 potently inhibited the production of the proinflammatory gene expression including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2 and PGE synthase. The activity of C12 was partly dependent on inhibition of ERK/JNK (but p38) phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. In vivo, C12 suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production in plasma and liver, attenuated lung histopathology, and significantly reduced mortality in endotoxemic mice. In addition, the pre-treatment with C12 reduced the inflammatory pain in the acetic acid and formalin models and reduced the carrageenan-induced paw oedema and acetic acid-increased vascular permeability. Taken together, C12 has multiple anti-inflammatory effects. These findings, coupled with the low toxicity and hydrosolubility of C12, suggests that this agent may be useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.