1. PET/CT targeted tissue sampling reveals virus specific dIgA can alter the distribution and localization of HIV after rectal exposure
- Author
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Sidath C. Kumarapperuma, Thomas J. Hope, Kenneth A. Rogers, Peter T. Fox, Edward J. Allen, Ruth M. Ruprecht, Mariluz Araínga, Francois Villinger, Yanique Thomas, Ann M. Carias, Meegan R. Anderson, Sixia Xiao, Jeffrey R. Schneider, Siqi Gong, Michael D. McRaven, Angela J. Fought, Roslyn A. Taylor, Beth Goins, and Divya N. Thakkar
- Subjects
RNA viruses ,Physiology ,viruses ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,HIV Antibodies ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Virions ,Diagnostic Radiology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immunodeficiency Viruses ,Immune Physiology ,Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Fluorescence microscope ,Mesenteric lymph nodes ,Biology (General) ,Tomography ,0303 health sciences ,Immune System Proteins ,biology ,Radiology and Imaging ,Immune complex ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Medical Microbiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Viruses ,Anatomy ,Pathogens ,Antibody ,Research Article ,Colon ,Imaging Techniques ,QH301-705.5 ,Immunology ,Rectum ,Neuroimaging ,Viral Structure ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Antibodies ,Virus ,Lymphatic System ,03 medical and health sciences ,Diagnostic Medicine ,In vivo ,Virology ,Retroviruses ,Fluorescence Imaging ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Distribution (pharmacology) ,Microbial Pathogens ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,PET-CT ,Mucous Membrane ,Lentivirus ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,HIV ,Proteins ,RC581-607 ,Macaca mulatta ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ,biology.protein ,Parasitology ,Lymph Nodes ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Digestive System ,Positron Emission Tomography ,Neuroscience ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines have not been successful in clinical trials. Dimeric IgA (dIgA) in the form of secretory IgA is the most abundant antibody class in mucosal tissues, making dIgA a prime candidate for potential HIV vaccines. We coupled Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging and fluorescent microscopy of 64Cu-labeled, photoactivatable-GFP HIV (PA-GFP-BaL) and fluorescently labeled dIgA to determine how dIgA antibodies influence virus interaction with mucosal barriers and viral penetration in colorectal tissue. Our results show that HIV virions rapidly disseminate throughout the colon two hours after exposure. The presence of dIgA resulted in an increase in virions and penetration depth in the transverse colon. Moreover, virions were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes two hours after viral exposure, and the presence of dIgA led to an increase in virions in mesenteric lymph nodes. Taken together, these technologies enable in vivo and in situ visualization of antibody-virus interactions and detailed investigations of early events in HIV infection., Author summary Vaccines provide protection in humans by eliciting the production of antibodies when exposed to a specific pathogen. Currently, an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine does not exist. Since the beginning of the HIV epidemic, approximately 38 million people have died, creating the need to develop an HIV vaccine. The most common antibody in the organs that are exposed to HIV is dimeric IgA (dIgA). Here, we used multiple imaging techniques to determine how HIV travels throughout the colon once introduced into the body and how dIgA influences HIV movement in the rectum. We found that dIgA increased the amount of HIV found in the colon, the distance it travelled, and the depth into tissues that HIV penetrated. dIgA also increased the amount of HIV in the mesenteric lymph nodes two hours after viral exposure. Our study shows these imaging technologies can be used to examine interactions between viruses and antibodies in early HIV infection in the natural context of the anatomy and physiology of the rhesus macaque model.
- Published
- 2021