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Socio-economic and socio-cultural inequalities in the Republic of Srpska have been maintained and developed further by the influence of accepted abandonment of the command planning mode of business inherent in the former socialist system and the cumulative effect of the whole set of unfavorable factors contained in the ' post-socialist transition. ' The paper will present part of the results of the empirical research on social changes in the Republic of Srpska, which relate to the questioning of the respondents about what are the deviations and social problems expressed in our society, their causes and consequences. For the purpose of collecting data, quota questionnaire was used, which was composed of several units, and which corresponded to the research objectives, and for the purposes of the work a descriptive method was used. Empirical data from our social research were observed through Merton's anomie theory or strain theory which was fundamental for making hypothesis as well as analysis and interpretation of the results. Our analysis can be considered from other theories in criminology but in the specific moment of our research, the Merton's theory was considered as the most acceptable for representation of deviant occurrences in our society conditioned by specific social and cultural factors. Gathered results should primarily be used for raising awareness in our society regarding analysed deviances, so that proper measures could be taken in the direction of improvement of social conditions and, if possible, healing the value system. Finding that more than one half of the examinees are unemployed, and between 25-31 years of age (58,3%) and 32-38 years of age (43,9%) (the best life age physically speaking; reproductive life age), supports Merton's anomie concept because structural disturbances in society made them impossible to fulfill default cultural aims like material success in any legitimate way. Tis provides space for development of deviant occurrences as well as achieving set goals in a socially unacceptable way. Devious occurrences are, in most cases, the consequence of poor adaptability both of an individual and a society to new global trends in all spheres. Toy represent, in a certain way, an image of deviations which are a product of discrepancy between (still) traditional bondage and global pressures. This is typical for societies going through transitional period and trying to 'fit in' contemporary development trends. However, such strivings are reflected in that individuals - almost every day - have to face uncertainty in regard to their employment, work careers, short term jobs, unstable pensions, poor economic growth, and poor social care. In this regard, the society of Republika Srpska (as well as of entire BH) faces deindustrialisation, transitional recession, sale of national resources to foreign investors, unemployment, poverty; and, generally speaking, loss of social rights. So, for most people from such a society there remains a hope that - in a series of different social and political changes, economic crisis, depopulation, refugees, poverty among all those who could not adopt to the new trends in the last twenty years - they will not have to look for 'solutions' in different destructive directions, such as, in this case, violence.

The social protection system in Republic of Srpska shares the fate of other areas of social policy. It emerged on the legacy of the institutional-legal and value system of the former socialist society, which developed under the influence of unfavorable social processes and frequent interventions by international institutions. War events that marked the creation period of the Republic of Srpska had a decisive influence on the practice and content of social protection measures, and the collapse of the old political and value system and its transition to the neoliberal ideological concept of 'the state's (not) caring for citizens,' created new and intensified already existing social problems. Under such conditions, the social protection system has faced a very demanding task, which refers to: How to provide social security to the socially most vulnerable members of society? The four stages in the development of this system are determined by the system's efforts to answer this question. The study of the development of the social protection system is a contribution to the understanding of the processes and content of the measures that the state has sought to improve the systematic care of the socially most vulnerable groups of citizens. It is an attempt to explain the current state of the system and its future development as part of a continuing process. It is also a contribution to the history of social work and social policy of the Republic of Srpska. The criteria used in the preparation of this periodization were related primarily to the state of the system, system solutions and the achieved level of customer support. Data periodization provides insight into the key moments that have determined the twenty-five-year development of the social protection system of the Republic of Srpska. During the analysis, available official documents of the institutions of the system were used, as well as reports of project activities of non-governmental organizations and personal testimonies of direct actors of events and creators of system solutions in the field of Social protection.

This work is point outed importance of the linking of the Serbia and the Republic of Srpska in means of education and culture as the most efficiently instrument of the creation of the Serbian spiritual space. In that process a special role belong to the intellectuals of the Serbia and the Republic of Srpska. However disruption of the former Yugoslavia and civil war after that created three group of the intellectuals in Serbia who postured total different attitudes about the civil war in Yugoslavia, Republic of Srpska, Dayton agreement, special relationships between Republic Serbia and Republic of Srpska, about Serbian spiritual space.

The local government is an independent management system that is constituted on the narrower parts of the national territory. The development of local government, it's constitutional and legal position and the ability of citizens and local governments to independently regulate and decide on issues of local importance are the essential parameters of the level of democracy in the country. The subject of this paper is to analyze the state of local government in the Republic of Srpska legal and political point of view. The first part discusses the historical development of local government in the Republic of Srpska and various social factors under which was emerging as it's constitutional and legal position. The second part of the paper includes an analysis of compliance of the structural elements of local self government in the Republic of Srpska with those of the European Charter of Local Self-Government, whose implementation is a major goal of the transition.

In this article the author analyses the relation between war and national identity in the case of the Serbs in the Republic of Srpska, and the role that the civil war in B&H, in the period from 1992-1995, have had in the shaping of their national consciousness. It is emphasized that the biggest part of the history of the Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina had been marked by numerous wars against foreign occupiers and centuries spent under the governance of foreign powers, which, beyond doubt, have had a strong influence on the Serb national identity. However, the author believes that the role of the civil war in B&H in the affirmation of the national identity of the Serbs in this region is specific when compared to the wars that happened before it; this war has created ethnic and territorial divisions in B&H, which had never existed in this region, and which have had a huge impact on the national identities of all peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including Serbs who live in the Republic of Srpska; apart from that, the most powerful countries in the Western civilization have had important media, political, and military role in the war, which had a profound impact on the Serb community.

Serbia, as the legal successor of the SRY, which was one of the signatories of the Dayton Peace Agreement, and pursuant to the Constitution (Article 13), is obliged to work on the improvement of relations among Serbs, it must guarantee the rights of the Serbian people in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while it is also encouraged to improve the relations between the Republic of Srpska and Republic of Serbia. Serbs on the both sides of the Drina River also have a vital need for better cooperation, in order to be able to jointly and favourably influence the realization of interests of the Serbian people. Parallel relations may be developed and complemented by cultural and educational cooperation, through the encouragement of further economic cooperation and joint appearance on third markets. On the bilateral and multilateral level, Serbia should always bear in mind the interest of political autonomy of the Serbian people in BH, taking into account the historical fact of instability of political arrangement and variability of borders. On the other hand, these facts do not hinder the commitment of Serbia nor of the Republic of Srpska to the compliance with international agreements and international law in general. Thus, better starting points for the preservation and future strengthening of the Serbian people on both sides of the Drina River are established.

In this paper, the author analyzes the key stages in the development of the Republic of Srpska, since its formation in 9 January 1992. In this context, it elaborates the process of genesis of the Republic of Srpska, its international verification by the Dayton Peace Agreement, post-conflict consolidation as a process of trial of the constitutional reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina that would redistribute responsibilities between the entity and state authorities. However, the paper points out that the Republic of Serbian unquestionable categories and that the current attempt by the U.S. and the EU for the amendment of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina did not imply denial of two-entity structure of the state. In the future, how would you rate the author will attempt leading actors in world politics to redesign the institutional framework at the level of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as to strengthening its negotiating capacity to assume the obligations related to membership of the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.