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Thousand kernel weight (TKW) is an important yield component trait affected by the environmental conditions. This study’s objectives were to determine an environmental variability for the TKW in 32 maize hybrids, sorted in four FAO maturity groups (FAO300, 400, 500 and 600), and to compare 12 environments in Croatia (six locations in two years) according to the joint linear regression and stability analyses across the maturity groups. In general, the effects of the environment, genotype, and their interaction (GEI) were significant. A three-factor ANOVA revealed the greatest and highly significant year effect, while the location effect was non-significant across all four FAO groups. A stability analysis did not detect any preferences with regard to the locations and trends across the FAO groups. It indicates that all locations in the Pannonian region included in this study were suitable for an evaluation of the TKW in maize genotypes belonging to all maturity groups. The TKW seems to be an appropriate yield-component trait for maize breeding due to a high heritability and linear GEI nature., Masa tisuću zrna (TKW) važno je svojstvo – komponenta prinosa koja je pod utjecajem okolinskih čimbenika. Ciljevi su ovoga rada odrediti okolinsku varijabilnost TKW‐a 32 hibrida kukuruza kategorizirana u četiri FAO‐ve skupine zriobe (FAO 300, 400, 500 i 600) i usporediti 12 okolina u Hrvatskoj (šest lokacija u dvjema godinama) prema združenoj linearno-regresijskoj analizi i analizi stabilnosti po grupama zriobe. Općenito, učinci okoline, genotipa i njihove interakcije (GEI) bili su statistički značajni. Tročimbenična ANOVA pokazala je najveći i visoko signifikantan učinak godine, dok učinak lokacije nije bio statistički značajan u sve četiri FAO‐ve skupine. Analiza stabilnosti nije detektirala preferencije među okolinama niti trend pod FAO‐vim skupinama. Naši rezultati ukazuju da su sve okoline u Panonskoj regiji uključene u istraživanje pogodne za procjenu TKW‐a kod hibrida kukuruza svih FAO‐vih skupina. TKW se pokazao prikladnom komponentom prinosa za oplemenjivanje kukuruza zbog visoke heritabilnosti i linearne naravi interakcije GEI‐ja.

Genomic prediction accuracy (r_MP) is affected by many factors, such as the trait heritability, training population size and structure, and the number of markers. This study’s objective was to investigate the factors associated with r_MP for the ear height and the plant height in two planting densities in testcrosses of maize (Zea mays L.) IBM population. Genetic correlations between the training and validation populations were calculated. The high heritability estimates and correlations between the traits were observed. The non-zero estimates of r_MP for all trait-density combinations implied an efficiency of genomic selection. The lower than expected values of genetic correlations were observed between the training and validation populations. However, a strong correlation was observed between a genetic correlation of training and the validation population and r_MP in all three sizes of training populations assessed (20-40%, 40-60%, and 60-80%), suggesting that the size of the training population can be kept low by an appropriate selection while maintaining a high r_MP. Further studies of relationships between the training and validation populations with larger effective population sizes are suggested, as reducing the size of training population while maintaining a high r_MP can facilitate a more effective allocation of resources in a maize breeding program.

The in vivo haploid induction has been widely applied to the maize breeding in recent decades, but it has not been used in the breeding programs in the Republic of Croatia by now. This study's objectives were to examine the haploid induction rates in the Croatian germplasm and to evaluate the properties of the D0 haploids, which are essential for a successful implementation of this method in breeding. The in vivo haploid induction was performed on 11 single-cross hybrids using the Zarodyshevy Marker Krasnodarsky (ZMK) inducer, and colchicine was used as a chromosome doubling agent. Emergence, misclassification rate, colchicine treatment survival, chromosome doubling rate and self-pollination success were examined in the D0 generation. The haploid induction rates ranged from 6.9 to 15.8%, which is consistent with the average induction rates characteristic of the ZMK inducer and the other modern ones. Significant differences were found among the populations of D0 haploids for all tested properties, except for self-pollination success. On average, the misclassification rates were lower, and the seedling survival rates were higher than those reported in other studies, indicating a possibility of a successful application of the doubled haploid method in maize breeding., Indukcija haploida in vivo posljednjih se desetljeća sve više primjenjuje u oplemenjivanju kukuruza, ali se dosad nije koristila u oplemenjivačkim programima u Republici Hrvatskoj. Ciljevi ovoga istraživanja bili su utvrditi relativne frekvencije induciranih haploida kod germplazme koja se upotrebljava u domaćim oplemenjivačkim programima i ispitati svojstva haploida generacije D0 koja su važna za uspješnu primjenu ove metode u oplemenjivanju. Indukcija haploida in vivo obavljena je na 11 jednostrukih hibrida pomoću induktora ZMK, a za udvostručenje kromosoma korišten je kolhicin. U generaciji D0 ispitana su svojstva nicanja, pogrešne klasifikacije, preživljavanja tretmana kolhicinom, udvostručenja kromosoma i uspješnosti izvođenja samooplodnje. Relativna frekvencija haploida kretala se od 6,9 do 15,8%, što je usporedivo s prosječnim stopama indukcije specifičnim za induktor ZMK i druge moderne induktore. Statistički značajne razlike pronađene su između populacija haploida D0 za sva ispitana svojstva, osim za uspješnost izvođenja samooplodnje. U prosjeku, stope pogrešne klasifikacije bile su niže, a stope preživljavanja tretmana kolhicinom više u odnosu na one zabilježene u drugim istraživanjima, što ukazuje na mogućnost uspješne primjene metode udvostručenih haploida u oplemenjivanju.

Genomic prediction accuracy (r_MP) is affected by many factors, such as the trait heritability, training population size and structure, and the number of markers. This study’s objective was to investigate the factors associated with r_MP for the ear height and the plant height in two planting densities in testcrosses of maize (Zea mays L.) IBM population. Genetic correlations between the training and validation populations were calculated. The high heritability estimates and correlations between the traits were observed. The non-zero estimates of r_MP for all trait-density combinations implied an efficiency of genomic selection. The lower than expected values of genetic correlations were observed between the training and validation populations. However, a strong correlation was observed between a genetic correlation of training and the validation population and r_MP in all three sizes of training populations assessed (20-40%, 40-60%, and 60-80%), suggesting that the size of the training population can be kept low by an appropriate selection while maintaining a high r_MP. Further studies of relationships between the training and validation populations with larger effective population sizes are suggested, as reducing the size of training population while maintaining a high r_MP can facilitate a more effective allocation of resources in a maize breeding program., Mnogi faktori, kao što su heritabilnost svojstva, veličina i struktura radne populacije i broj markera, utječu na efikasnost genomskih predviđanja (r_MP). Cilj ovoga rada bio je ispitati faktore povezane s〖 r〗_MP za visinu klipa i visinu biljke u dvije gustoće sjetve kod test-križanaca IBM populacije kukuruza (Zea mays L.). Izračunane su genetske korelacije između radne i validacijske populacije. Dobivene su visoke procjene heritabilnosti i korelacije između svojstava. Procjene r_MP bile su različite od nule za sve kombinacije svojstvo -gustoća. što ukazuje na efikasnost genomske selekcije. Vrijednosti genetskih korelacija između radne i validacijske populacije bile su niže od očekivanih. Međutim, jaka korelacija dobivena je između genetske korelacije radne i validacijske populacije i r_MP za sve tri veličine radne populacije (20-40%, 40-60% i 60-80%), što ukazuje da se uz odgovarajuću selekciju veličina radne populacije može održati niskom zadržavajući visoku vrijednosti〖 r〗_MP-a . Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja odnosa između radne i validacijske populacije s većom efektivnom veličinom populacije jer smanjivanje veličine radne populacije, uz održavanje visoke vrijednosti〖 r〗_MP-a može omogućiti učinkovitiju alokaciju resursa u oplemenjivačkome programu kukuruza.

The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of immobilized cell fermentation on aroma and sensory characteristics of distillates produced from two fig varieties commonly grown in Croatia (Petrovača bijela and Petrovača crna). Distillate samples were produced both by classical and immobilized yeast fermentation technology. Aroma profile was determined using GC/FID and sensory analysis was conducted according to German DLG model. Results showed that immobilized cell technique gives distillates with higher ethanol and lower ester contents, but of higher sensory quality. It is a promising technique for production of high quality fruit distillates.

Proveli smo QTL kartiranje u test križancima IBMSyn4 populacije za tri svojstva kvalitete zrna: sadržaj ulja i proteina te hektolitarsku masu. 191 fenotipizirana i genotipizirana linija korištena je kao “training” populacija, dok je 85 linija, koje su bile samo genotipizirane, činilo „validacijsku“ populaciju pri izračunavanju najboljih linearnih nepristranih predviđanja (BLUP). QTL analiza provedena je na ukupno 276 fenotipova. 92000 filtriranih SNP markera, dobivenih genotipizacijom sekvenciranjem (GBS), korišteno je za izračun BLUP-ova, dok je set od 2178 genetski kartiranih SSR markera korišten za QTL analizu. Pri jednostavnom QTL skeniranju, detektirali smo nekoliko QTL-ova slabijega fenotipskoga učinka: jedan za sadržaj ulja (kromosom 1), jedan za sadržaj proteina (kromosom 10) i četiri za hektolitarsku masu (kromosomi 1, 3, 5 i 10). QTL-ovi povezani s hektolitarskom masom imali su aditivno djelovanje te je njihovim združenim djelovanjem objašnjeno 18.25% fenotipske varijance. Samo jedan QTL za hektolitarsku masu na petome kromosomu bio je statistički značajan pri kompozitnom intervalnom kartiranju. Navedeni QTL podržava 9.97% fenotipske varijance. QTL-ovi detektirani u ovom istraživanju predstavljaju monitoring komercijalno najuspješnije elitne germplazme za svojstva kvalitete zrna., We performed QTL mapping in testcrosses of maize population IBMSyn4 for three grain quality traits: oil and protein contents and test weight. 191 phenotyped and genotyped lines were used as a training set while 85 genotyped only lines comprised a validation set used to calculate best linear unbiased predictions (BLUP), making a total of 276 phenotypes for the QTL analysis. 92000 filtered Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) SNP markers were used to calculate BLUPs, while a set of 2178 genetically mapped SSRs was used in QTL analysis. By simple QTL scan, we scored several minor effect QTLs: one for oil content (chromosome 1), one for protein content (chromosome 10) and four for test weight (chromosomes 1, 3, 5 and 10). QTLs associated with test weight were found to be additive, and 18.25% of phenotypic variance was explained by their joint effect. Only one QTL for test weight was found to be significant in composite interval mapping and it was mapped on chromosome 5. This QTL accounted for 9.97% of phenotypic variance. QTLs detected in this study represent monitoring of commercially most successful elite maize germplasm for grain quality traits.

Proveli smo QTL kartiranje u test križancima IBMSyn4 populacije za tri svojstva kvalitete zrna: sadržaj ulja i proteina te hektolitarsku masu. 191 fenotipizirana i genotipizirana linija korištena je kao “training” populacija, dok je 85 linija, koje su bile samo genotipizirane, činilo „validacijsku“ populaciju pri izračunavanju najboljih linearnih nepristranih predviđanja (BLUP). QTL analiza provedena je na ukupno 276 fenotipova. 92000 filtriranih SNP markera, dobivenih genotipizacijom sekvenciranjem (GBS), korišteno je za izračun BLUP-ova, dok je set od 2178 genetski kartiranih SSR markera korišten za QTL analizu. Pri jednostavnom QTL skeniranju, detektirali smo nekoliko QTL-ova slabijega fenotipskoga učinka: jedan za sadržaj ulja (kromosom 1), jedan za sadržaj proteina (kromosom 10) i četiri za hektolitarsku masu (kromosomi 1, 3, 5 i 10). QTL-ovi povezani s hektolitarskom masom imali su aditivno djelovanje te je njihovim združenim djelovanjem objašnjeno 18.25% fenotipske varijance. Samo jedan QTL za hektolitarsku masu na petome kromosomu bio je statistički značajan pri kompozitnom intervalnom kartiranju. Navedeni QTL podržava 9.97% fenotipske varijance. QTL-ovi detektirani u ovom istraživanju predstavljaju monitoring komercijalno najuspješnije elitne germplazme za svojstva kvalitete zrna.

Cilj ovoga rada bio je ispitati utjecaj fermentacije pomoću imobiliziranih stanica kvasca na aromu i senzorska svojstva destilata proizvedenih od dviju sorti smokve koje se uzgajaju u Republici Hrvatskoj (Petrovača bijela i Petrovača crna). Uzorci destilata proizvedeni su klasičnim postupkom i pomoću imobiliziranih stanica kvasca. Profil arome određen je pomoću GC/FID-a, a senzorska analiza provedena je prema njemačkome DLG modelu. Rezultati su pokazali da postupak s imobiliziranim stanicama kvasca daje destilate s višim udjelom etanola i nižim udjelima estera, ali bolje senzorske kvalitete. Taj postupak ima velik potencijal u proizvodnji visokokvalitetnih voćnih destilata.

Cilj ovoga rada bio je ispitati utjecaj fermentacije pomoću imobiliziranih stanica kvasca na aromu i senzorska svojstva destilata proizvedenih od dviju sorti smokve koje se uzgajaju u Republici Hrvatskoj (Petrovača bijela i Petrovača crna). Uzorci destilata proizvedeni su klasičnim postupkom i pomoću imobiliziranih stanica kvasca. Profil arome određen je pomoću GC/FID-a, a senzorska analiza provedena je prema njemačkome DLG modelu. Rezultati su pokazali da postupak s imobiliziranim stanicama kvasca daje destilate s višim udjelom etanola i nižim udjelima estera, ali bolje senzorske kvalitete. Taj postupak ima velik potencijal u proizvodnji visokokvalitetnih voćnih destilata., The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of immobilized cell fermentation on aroma and sensory characteristics of distillates produced from two fig varieties commonly grown in Croatia (Petrovača bijela and Petrovača crna). Distillate samples were produced both by classical and immobilized yeast fermentation technology. Aroma profile was determined using GC/FID and sensory analysis was conducted according to German DLG model. Results showed that immobilized cell technique gives distillates with higher ethanol and lower ester contents, but of higher sensory quality. It is a promising technique for production of high quality fruit distillates.

Volatile organic compounds in honey represent a fingerprint of a specific honey and therefore could significantly affect the quality of honey brandy. In addition, during fermentation, yeast synthesise volatiles also affecting aroma and quality of brandy. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of immobilized cell fermentation on volatile aroma of honey brandies produced from acacia and chestnut honey. Aroma profile was determined using GC/FID and sensory analysis was conducted according to German DLG model. The results showed that immobilized cell technique had resulted in honey brandies with lower ester contents, but significantly higher content of volatile organic compounds from honey., Hlapljivi aromatski sastojci u medu karakteristični su za svaki med i stoga bi mogli značajno utjecati na kvalitetu medne rakije. Osim toga, tijekom fermentacije, kvasci sintetiziraju hlapljive spojeve koji, također, utječu na aromu i kvalitetu rakije.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti utjecaj fermentacije s imobiliziranim stanicama kvasca na aromu mednih rakija proizvedenih od meda bagrema i kestena. Aromatski profil određen je primjenom GC/FID-a, a senzorska analiza provedena je prema njemačkome DLG modelu. Rezultati su pokazali da primjena tehnike s imobiliziranim kvascima rezultira nižim udjelom estera, ali i značajno višim udjelom spojeva podrijetlom iz meda.

Prevalence of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) and occurrence of clinical arthritis were investigated on 543 goats of French Alpine breed on six intensive production farms in North-Western Croatia. The aim of the study was to determine seropositivity to CAEV and to examine the occurrence of clinical arthritis in relation to CAEV seropositive goats. All goats were examined clinically and presence of arthritis was noted. The blood samples were tested for antibodies against CAEV using the immunoenzyme test. All collected data were cross-classified in two-way contingency tables. Of the total number of goats, CAEV was serologically confirmed in 50.8% and 31.6% of all goats were diagnosed with clinical arthritis. CAEV seropositive goats were 21.9% and they also expressed clinical signs of arthritis. Statistical tests confirmed positive association between clinical arthritis diagnosis and seropositivity to CAEV with Phi coefficient of 0.25 (P

The objective of this study was to determine the optimum allocation of the number of plants sampled per plot and number of locations and years required for screening maize genotypes for reduced root damage caused by western corn rootworm (WCR) larvae, major pest of maize in Croatia, Europe and in the USA. Field trials were conducted at two locations Eastern Croatia, a major maize production area with natural WCR occurrence under continuous maize growing conditions. The trials were set as an incomplete lattice block design in two replications in 2007, 2008 and 2009 including 128 genotypes from various maize gene-pools. Our results suggest that the effect of year and respective interactions including year were the most important factors in maize breeding programs for native resistance to WCR. Thus, screening germplasm for WCR resistance should be made in a multi-year experiment, but not necessarily as a multi-location experiment. Resource optimization should be done by reducing number of roots per plot to minimum 4 sampled plants due to small within-plot environmental variance.

Limited results are published about the relations among micronutrients in cereal grains, although micronutrients play important physiological roles in animals and humans. The objective of this study was to determine relations among boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in grain of 297 genotypes of a maize population measured by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in two years. Correlation coefficients showed generally weak, though positive associations between individual micronutrient concentrations in both years. Principal component analysis revealed not the same relations among the micronutrients across two years, indicating the importance of environment. Still, close relations between Cu and Fe, and to lesser extent between B and Mo were observed in both years. Mn was consistently one of the least related micronutrients to others. Our results suggest that it is possible to improve density of various micronutrients in maize grain simultaneously, although the progress would be very slow.

Estimation of genetic effects on economically important traits is a common procedure in the most breeding programmes at Agricultural Institute Osijek. This paper deals with estimation of adequacy over additive/dominance model of inheritance as well as estimation and comparison of genetic effects on plant height for two specific pairs of inbreds (A672×Va99; A672×Os6-2), and its six basic generations (P2, F1, F2, BCP1 and BCP2). Two year investigation was carried out at two locations in eastern Croatia. The trails consisted of 121 entries of different inbreeding level derived by partial diallel mating design followed by selfing and back crossing. Simple lattice experimental design was used in both investigated years. Goodness of fit test results indicated the additive/dominance model failed to explain all differences among generation means. Digenic epistatic model appeared to be adequate in both investigated pairs of inbreds at least in one of the investigated years. Estimations and comparisons of genetic effects for selected pairs of inbreds and basic generations revealed prevailing dominance effects when compared to additive.

In this paper, the significance of animal food (meat and milk) in human nutrition and satisfaction of life needs with special look on health is reviewed. Meat is excelent source of proteins with high biological value.The proteins from meat are of high quality because they contain high share of essencial amino acids which are necessary for human organism. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, esspecialy those from ω3 group, became very importat to human nutritionists because they have significant role in prevention of stress induced deseases and of those induced by improper diets. New findings from western industrial countries point out the fact that longer intake of LA (ω-6) with relative “deficiency” of ω-3 is the main risk factor in occurence of cancer, coronary deseases (CHD), cerebrovascular deseases (CVD) and alergic hyperactivity; not cholesterol as was considered till now. Therefore it is important to reduce the ω-6 / ω-3 acids ratio in meat and milk using some feedstufs in diets of animals. Dairy products contribute to health throughout life. Epidemiological researches as well as studies in animals and humans indicate that dairy food and/or their components have a protective effect against cancer. The potential anticancer agents identified so far in dairy foods include conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), calcium, vitamin D, sphingomyelin, butyric acid, ether lipids, protein and lactic acid bacteria. Milk is exclusive source of nutrients for the young and it also represents a high grade source of dietary nitrogen and indispensable amino acids for adults. Consumers are increasing looking for animal products, which could prevent disease or illness.Keywords: animal products, polyunsaturated fatty acids, meat, milk, nutrients.

The objective of this study was to determine the optimum allocation of the number of plants sampled per plot and number of locations and years required for screening maize genotypes for reduced root damage caused by western corn rootworm (WCR) larvae, major pest of maize in Croatia, Europe and in the USA. Field trials were conducted on two locations Eastern Croatia, a major maize production area with natural WCR occurrence under continuous maize growing conditions. The trials were set as an incomplete lattice block design in two replications in 2007, 2008 and 2009 including 128 genotypes from various maize gene-pools. Our results suggest that the effect of year and respective interactions including year were the most important factors in maize breeding programs for native resistance to WCR. Thus, screening germplasm for WCR resistance should be made in a multi-year experiment, but not necessarily as a multi-location experiment. Resource optimization should be done by reducing number of roots per plot to minimum 4 sampled plants due to small within-plot environmental variance., Cilj ovoga rada bio je odrediti optimalnu alokaciju broja biljaka za uzorak po parcelici, kao i broj lokacija i godina potrebnih za procjenu genotipova kukuruza za ošteenje korijena, nastaloga zbog larvi kukuruzne zlatice (WCR), glavnoga štetnika na kukuruzu u Hrvatskoj, Europi i SAD-u. Poljski su pokusi provedeni na dvije lokacije u Istonoj Hrvatskoj, gdje je uestala pojava WCR u monokulturi. Pokusi su postavljeni prema nepotpunome bloknome planu (lattice) u dva ponavljanja u 2007., 2008. i 2009. godini, ukljuujui 128 genotipova kukuruza razliitoga genetskoga podrijetla. Rezultati našega istraživanja ukazuju na veliku važnost faktora godine i interakcija koje ukljuuju godinu za programe oplemenjivanja kukuruza za prirodnu otpornost na WCR. Stoga je procjenu germplazme za otpornost na WCR potrebno uiniti u višegodišnjim pokusima, koji se ne moraju nužno provesti na više lokacija. Optimizacija resursa trebala bi ukljuivati i smanjenje broja biljaka po parcelici na minimum od 4 biljke za uzorak, zbog relativno male okolinske varijance unutar parcelice.

Limited results are published about the relations among micronutrients in cereal grains, although micronutrients play important physiological roles in animals and humans. The objective of this study was to determine relations among boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in grain of 297 genotypes of a maize population measured by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in two years. Correlation coefficients showed generally weak, though positive associations between individual micronutrient concentrations in both years. Principal component analysis revealed not the same relations among the micronutrients across two years, indicating the importance of environment. Still, close relations between Cu and Fe, and to lesser extent between B and Mo were observed in both years. Mn was consistently one of the least related micronutrients to others. Our results suggest that it is possible to improve density of various micronutrients in maize grain simultaneously, although the progress would be very slow., Iako mikroelementi imaju važnu fiziološku ulogu kod životinja i ljudi, malo je objavljenih radova o odnosima među njima u zrnu žitarica. Cilj ovoga rada je bio odrediti odnose među koncentracijama bora (B), bakra (Cu), željeza (Fe), mangana (Mn), molibdena (Mo) i cinka (Zn) izmjerenih induktivno spregnutom plazmom – optičkom emisijskom spektrometrijom (ICP-OES) u suhom zrnu 297 genotipova jedne populacije kukuruza tijekom dvije vegetacijske godine. Korelacijski koeficijenti su ukazali na slabu, ali pozitivnu povezanost pojedinih koncentracija mikrohraniva u obje godine. Analiza glavnih komponenata je otkrila da odnosi među mikrohranivima nisu isti kroz godine, ukazujući važnost okoline. Međutim, uočena je bliska povezanost između Cu i Fe, i u nešto manjoj mjeri između B i Mo. Mn je dosljedno najslabije povezano mikrohranivo s drugima. Naši rezultati ukazuju na mogućnost istovremenog poboljšanja koncentracije nekoliko mikrohraniva u zrnu kukuruza, iako bi napredak bio dosta spor.

This research investigates the effect of diets enriched with eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids on the technological traits and chemical composition of poultry meat. Broilers were divided into five groups (control group with 0,0% of Pronova Biocare Epax 3000 T6 PBA preparation added in finisher diets, and experimental groups, which had 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of added preparation, respectively). Among groups of broilers, statistically significant difference in pH1 value, W.H.C and consistency of breast muscles (P>0.05) was not established. Experimental group fed with the addition of 1.5% PBE preparation showed statistically higher (P

In this study, 60 pig carcasses were included, divided in 2 groups according to breed (1st=SLxGL; 2nd=SL), and within groups according to sex (gilts F1=15 and F2=14; male castrates M1=17 and M2=14). Pigs were produced on family farm and fattened in same conditions. Primary processed and cooled carcasses were cut according to “Kulmbach” method (CAC/79). The main parts of the carcasses were dissected on tissues (muscle, fat and bones) and share of lean meat was determined for carcasses and for individual cuts. Muscle tissue share in the carcasses was higher in gilts from 1st and 2nd group (F1=53.93%; F2=51.77%) than in male castrates from both groups (M1=50.13%; M2=49.90%) and regardless the sex it was higher in SL x GL crossbreds (1st group) than in SL breed (2nd group). Statisticaly significant differences (P

In this paper, the significance of animal food (meat and milk) in human nutrition and satisfaction of life needs with special look on health is reviewed. Meat is excelent source of proteins with high biological value.The proteins from meat are of high quality because they contain high share of essencial amino acids which are necessary for human organism. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, esspecialy those from 3 group, became very importat to human nutritionists because they have significant role in prevention of stress induced deseases and of those induced by improper diets. New findings from western industrial countries point out the fact that longer intake of LA (-6) with relative “deficiency” of -3 is the main risk factor in occurence of cancer, coronary deseases (CHD), cerebrovascular deseases (CVD) and alergic hyperactivity; not cholesterol as was considered till now. Therefore it is important to reduce the -6 / -3 acids ratio in meat and milk using some feedstufs in diets of animals. Dairy products contribute to health throughout life. Epidemiological researches as well as studies in animals and humans indicate that dairy food and/or their components have a protective effect against cancer. The potential anticancer agents identified so far in dairy foods include conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), calcium, vitamin D, sphingomyelin, butyric acid, ether lipids, protein and lactic acid bacteria. Milk is exclusive source of nutrients for the young and it also represents a high grade source of dietary nitrogen and indispensable amino acids for adults. Consumers are increasing looking for animal products, which could prevent disease or illness.