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This paper reports a single step reactive extrusion process for fabrication of thermally stable, polylactic acid grafted cellulose nanocrystal(PLA- g -CNC) nanocomposite films using dicumyl peroxide as crosslinking agent. PLA- g -CNC nanocomposites were recycled without significant breakage in the molecular structure of PLA. The grafted PLA chains shields the sulfate and hydroxyl groups of CNCs, thereby enhancing the compatibilization with PLA matrix and preventing thermal degradation during extrusion. NMR and FTIR spectroscopy studies showed that amorphous PLA chains grafted on CNC surface through C–C bonds formation. Presence of such chemical crosslinks led to efficient transfer of modulus of CNCs to PLA matrix, thereby improving the tensile strength and young's modulus by∼40% and∼490%,respectively. Recycling of PLA- g -CNC doesn't alter the molecular weight, thermal, crystallization and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites significantly. Therefore, the current study provides a novel approach for fabricating CNC-reinforced-PLA nanocomposites which can be easily recycled and reused for multiple cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It was found that Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) deposition process led to the direct formation of ferroelectric β phase in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) homopolymer ultra-thin films, in which the molecular chains were parallel to the substrates and the dipoles were aligned perpendicular to the substrates. Theoretical analysis and experimental results further showed that the mechanism of forming the β phase and the dipole orientation were attributed to the hydrogen bonds formed between the PVDF molecules and water through the LB deposition. A large local effective piezoelectric coefficient (d zz) of −49.4 pm/V was observed in the self-polarized PVDF LB film. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]