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Your search keyword '"Tixier-Boichard, M"' showing total 14 results
Start Over Author "Tixier-Boichard, M" Journal poultry science
14 results on '"Tixier-Boichard, M"'

2. Semen Cryopreservation for Ex Situ Management of Genetic Diversity in Chicken: Creation of the French Avian Cryobank1

Author

Blesbois, E., Seigneurin, F., Grasseau, I., Limouzin, C., Besnard, J., Gourichon, D., Coquerelle, G., Rault, P., and Tixier-Boichard, M.

Subjects
Glycerol, Male, Sperm Banks, chicken, frozen semen, Genetic Variation, Spermatozoa, Article, Cryoprotective Agents, Fertility, Acetamides, Animals, Female, cryobank, France, Chickens, ex situ management of genetic diversity, Semen Preservation
Abstract

The need for semen preservation in domestic birds is a result of the reduction in genetic variability of domestic bird livestock and of the increasing risk of line extinction for health and safety reasons. Cryopreservation of embryos and primordial germ cells (PGC) is not routinely feasible in birds. The project therefore involved semen frozen in optimal safety and traceable conditions. Whole blood samples were also frozen to provide samples of analyses of genomes and health status. The feasibility of using ex situ conservation, i.e., collecting biological material to be stored outside the usual production area of the species (ex situ genetic stock), to preserve and manage rare breeds was tested with 4 subfertile populations: 3 rare experimental lines used for research into energy metabolism (R+), growth (Y33), and immunity (B4/B4), reared under known health status and the oldest endangered patrimonial French breed, the Gauloise dorée with an unknown health status. A general infrastructure was set up for the health screening and remediation of diseases, collection and storage of frozen cells and 2 sites were created for the storage of frozen samples. The screening and remediation of diseases of the Gauloise dorée, which was contaminated with various Salmonella and Mycoplasma strains, was achieved by successive treatment of parents, incubated eggs and young chicks with Baytril followed by Tiamulin. For each line, 474 to 994 semen straws have been frozen, thawed, and the semen evaluated. Insemination of frozen-thawed semen into females of the same genetic origin or of an egg-type commercial breed produced chicks in every case. For the most subfertile lines, insemination with egg-type females significantly increased the reproductive success. In conclusion, we report on the benefits of a semen and blood cryobanking complex for the management of endangered lines and strains of domestic birds. Current stocks made possible the restoration of more than 96% of the initial genome. This project also provided technical solutions to resolve some of the health problems frequently encountered for gene preservation in poultry.

Published
2019

13. Chicken semen cryopreservation and use for the restoration of rare genetic resources.

Author

Thélie A, Bailliard A, Seigneurin F, Zerjal T, Tixier-Boichard M, and Blesbois E

Subjects
Animals, Chickens genetics, Cryopreservation methods, Cryoprotective Agents pharmacology, Female, Fertility physiology, Freezing, Genetic Variation, Insemination, Artificial methods, Insemination, Artificial veterinary, Male, Semen Preservation methods, Sperm Banks methods, Chickens physiology, Cryopreservation veterinary, Semen Preservation veterinary, Spermatozoa physiology
Abstract

For the past 50 yr, practices for ex situ preservation of endangered breeds have been extended. Semen and primordial germ cells, gonadic tissues have been frozen to create genetic stocks of chicken genetic diversity in cryobanks. Semen cryopreservation stays the preferred method since it is not invasive. Many protocols have been developed to cryopreserve chicken semen, but they give highly variable success rate. The aim of the present study was to standardize and prove the effectiveness of semen long-term storage for the restitution of lost families. We showed that semen straws stored for 18 yr in liquid nitrogen did not lose their fertilizing ability. We demonstrated the usefulness of cryopreserved semen stored in the French National Cryobank for the recovery of families of a subfertile experimental chicken line. In order to highlight the standardization of the cryopreserved method, different cryoprotectant protocols were also tested on a rare breed, freezing/thawing and insemination conditions were controlled. The best results were obtained using glycerol protocol, a sperm dilution of 1:4 (semen:extender). The insemination dose of 200 million sperm/female was as efficient as 400 million of sperm. Altogether, these results demonstrated the effectiveness of chicken semen long-term storage for the restoration of lost genetic resources and highlighted the importance of standardized chicken semen cryopreservation using procedures combining biophysical (cryoprotectants, freezing/thawing conditions) and zootechnical (artificial insemination) features.

Published
2019
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14. Screening chickens for endogenous virus ev21 viral element by the polymerase chain reaction.

Author

Tixier-Boichard MH, Benkel BF, Chambers JR, and Gavora JS

Subjects
Animals, Base Sequence, Chickens physiology, Female, Genetic Testing, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, Insertional genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Chickens genetics, Feathers physiology, Genes, Viral genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary
Abstract

The molecular architecture of the sex-linked late-feathering region of the chicken genome is still poorly defined. Current evidence points to a strong association between the presence of the endogenous viral element ev21 and the late-feathering phenotype. However, analysis at the molecular level has demonstrated that this is not a simple case of insertional mutagenesis. Instead, the structure of the region of the chicken genome containing the feathering locus is complex and variable between and within lines of chickens. Significant clues to the molecular structure of this genomic region can be obtained by analyzing rare and revertant genotypes. However, searching for rare genotypes can only be carried out effectively using quick screen methodology. This paper describes a quick, polymerase chain reaction-based test for ev21 that facilities the search for rare genotypes.

Published
1994
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