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Aims: The Finnish National Diabetes Prevention Program (FIN-D2D) was the first large-scale diabetes prevention program in a primary health care setting in the world. The risk reduction of type 2 diabetes was 69% after one-year intervention in high-risk individuals who were able to lose 5% of their weight. We investigated long-term effects of one-year weight change on the incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality., Methods: A total of 10,149 high-risk individuals for type 2 diabetes were identified in primary health care centers and they were offered lifestyle intervention to prevent diabetes. Of these individuals who participated in the baseline screening, 8353 had an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Complete follow-up data during one-year intervention were available for 2730 individuals and those were included in the follow-up analysis. The long-term outcome events were collected from national health registers after the median follow-up of 7.4 years., Results: Among individuals who lost weight 2.5-4.9% and 5% or more during the first year, the hazard ratio for the incidence of drug-treated diabetes was 0.63 (95% CI 0.49-0.81, p = 0.0001), and 0.71 (95% CI 0.56-0.90, p = 0.004), respectively, compared with those with stable weight. There were no significant differences in cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality among study participants according to one-year weight changes., Conclusions: High-risk individuals for type 2 diabetes who achieved a moderate weight loss by one-year lifestyle counseling in primary health care had a long-term reduction in the incidence of drug-treated type 2 diabetes. The observed moderate weight loss was not associated with a reduction in cardiovascular events., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Aims: To analyze the use of pain medication among community-dwelling people aged 65 years or older with and without type 2 diabetes in primary care., Methods: A total of 187 patients with and 176 patients without diabetes were randomly selected from a primary care sample of 389 patients with diabetes and 604 age- and gender-matched controls. Pain status was defined as no pain, nociceptive pain or neuropathic pain. Pain medication (paracetamol, NSAID, opioids, neuropathic pain medication) use was based on electronic patient records and checked by a physician during a health examination., Results: Some pain was present in 90 (51%) patients without and in 106 (57%) patients with diabetes (p = 0.55). Of the patients without diabetes, 109 (62%) and with diabetes 123 (66%) used some pain medication (p = 0.45). The respective proportions for the regular use were 13% and 11% and for the as needed use 56% and 61%. Diabetes was not associated with any of the pain medications used. The use of pain-relieving drugs was most common for neuropathic pain., Conclusions: The present study indicated that community-dwelling people with and without diabetes used pain medication similarly. Pain medication was used mostly as needed instead of being regular., (Copyright © 2020 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aims: To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and functional capacity in relation to glycemic control among older home-dwelling primary care patients., Methods: Electronic patient records were used to identify 527 people over 65 years with diabetes. Of these, 259 randomly selected subjects were invited to a health examination and 172 of them attended and provided complete data. The participants were divided into three groups based on the HbA1c: good (HbA1c<48mmol/mol (N=95)), intermediate (HbA1c 48-57mmol/mol (N=48)) and poor (HbA1c>57mmol/mol (N=29)) glycemic control. HRQoL was measured with the EuroQol EQ-5D questionnaire. Functional and cognitive capacity and mental well-being were assessed with the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15)., Results: EQ-5D scores for good, intermediate and poor glycemic control were 0.78; 0.74 and 0.70, p=0.037. Sub-items of mobility (p=0.002) and self-care were the most affected (p=0.031). Corresponding trend was found for IADL, p=0.008. A significant correlation was found between MMSE scores and HbA1c., Conclusion: Older primary care home-dwelling patients with diabetes and poorer glycemic control have lower functional capacity and HRQoL, especially in regard to mobility and self-care., (Copyright © 2017 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aims: To describe socioeconomic characteristics of participants and their effect on uptake and completion of the implementation project (FIN-D2D) for the National Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Programme. Furthermore, to assess the effectiveness of individual vs. group intervention during one-year follow-up., Methods: At baseline, 2820 men and 5764 women aged <65 years participated in the non-randomized implementation project in primary health care setting; one-year follow-up was available for 1067 men and 2122 women. Socioeconomic status included education and occupation. Interventions were individual and/or group-based. The changes in cardiovascular risk factors and glucose tolerance were used as measures of the effectiveness of intervention., Results: 68.4% of the men and 69.8% of the women participated in some of the intervention modalities offered. Low education and not working were related to active participation in the intervention in men. 88.2% of men and 76.1% of women selected the individual instead of group intervention. The effectiveness of individual vs. group interventions did not differ, except for minor changes in systolic blood pressure in women and glucose tolerance in men., Conclusions: Socioeconomic status modulated participation in interventions. Both types of intervention worked equally well, but participation in group intervention was low., (Copyright © 2012 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)