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With the economic development and population growth, humans have changed ecosystems more rapidly and extensively to meet the rapidly growing demand for food, fresh water, timber, fiber and fuel. This has led to a substantial and largely irreversible loss of the biodiversity on earth. The ecosystem risk is created as a new concept to understand the environmental problems. Therefore, it is important to develop quantitative methods for regional ecosystem risk analysis. Yellow River Delta is the widest, most intact and youngest delta both in China and in the world; its ecosystem environment is much more vulnerable due to its special location and industrial structure. Therefore, it is very important to manage them wisely and strategically. Therefore, Yellow River Delta is selected as the case area to reveal the impacts of economic development on ecosystem risk in this study. This study selected the ecological quality index to show the potential ecosystem risk and estimated the impacts of economic development on ecosystem risk using the panel data model on the pixel level based on the GIS, RS technique. It's found that the economic development will have impacts on the ecological environment to a certain degree, however, these impacts can exchange to a greater degree with the development. Then more funds and advanced technologies can be used to promote the intensive development of land use, which may decrease the impacts of economic development on the environment. Therefore, we need to ensure the coordinated development of the economy and ecological environment. The research results provide meaningful decision-making information for the urbanization process and environmental protection in the Yellow River Delta.