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Understanding the nature of the vortex formation is important to research that needs to be cover in order to develop a mitigation plan to avoid or reduce its formation that may cause serious damage to the hydropower mechanical machines. This paper presents a review of significant cases of vortex formation in the hydraulic intake that has been adopted Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) as a method of the research. The focus of this review is to provide a solid basis for the efficiency of the PIV measurement to study the vortex formation in the hydraulic intake. As a new innovative approach to the vortex study, it stated that PIV is a method that able to find a good agreement and can be validated together with another method.

In the present work, a numerical study was carry out to study the existence of strong vortices in the flow behavior of dam reservoir. The occurence of vortex breakdown is extremely complex and quite difficult to acquire enough details experimentally. To fully understand and comprehend the mechanisms that involved, numerical study is required. With the evolution of computer devices and numerical techniques, a computational approach seemed very appealing to get the additional information regarding the structure of the breakdown. Besides, the identifying of the various parameters affecting its occurrence and development can be obtained to. Getting supplementary insight into the physics itself of the circumstance has been another ambition. This paper reviews recent published works on CFD (computational fluid dynamic) simulations of vortex in hydraulic intake.

This study assesses the structural analysis on the sector gate in dam spillway with 5 m gap opening. The parameters determined on this study are equivalent stress and total deformation. The structure analysis on the spillway structure is due to the impact of water discharge. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling is applied to assess the water flow that affect stress and deformation occurred using computational aided program using ANSYS. Result of the transient structure model show that the highest stress value is at the radial gate which is 29.69 MPa and the lowest stress value is at stilling basin which is 0.037 x 10−9 MPa. All the deformation values are relatively low especially at the stilling basin which is 1.021 x 10−9 m and the largest deformation value is at the radial gate which is 10.47 x 10-6 m. It can be concluded that the stress and deformation give different result due to different materials. Stress and deformation values at mild steel material parts are higher than concrete material parts due to the high impact of water pressure. Future mitigation measures have to take to ensure the sustainability of the structural integrity.