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There are several parameters, which influence the characteristics of the final printed colors in digital printing. One of the most important one is the substrate (paper). In the present study, the effect of uncoated papers on the laser printed colors was investigated. For this purpose, three kinds of paper with the same grammage value of 80 and different whiteness and texture were selected. The effect of paper on the printer's reproducibility, light-fastness, color gamut and colorimetric characteristics of the final printed samples were studied for a Canon Laser Printer LBP-5050. It was found out that, the reproducibility of the printer is statistically dependent on the paper's type. The average of color change via exposing light is between 1.3 and 1.8 for different papers. The color difference caused by paper variation illustrates the effect of paper on the final printed colors. The texture properties of the papers were quantified with Edge Frequency technique as an appropriate texture analysis tool. A defined correlation between texture changes and color differences was obtained. Furthermore, the whiteness of the papers clearly affected the final printed colors.

This paper investigates a direct inkjet printing method for electrode patterning on cellulose Electro-Active Paper (EAPap). Flexibility and transparency of the EAPap are advantageous for a versatile substrate in flexible printable electronics. The effects of curing conditions are evaluated by electrical resistivity and morphological analysis. To fabricate EAPap device, inter-digital transducer (IDT) electrodes are printed on the EAPap with drop-on-demand inkjet printing method. Silver patterns are obtained from organometallic silver ink by jetting and heat treatment at 160°C in air. IDT patterns are made on cellulose for variety and extensive application of inkjet printing electronics.

Special fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor embedding and interrogation schemes have been designed to capture the momentary peak pressure forces in the nip of adjacent paper machine rolls, and the spatial distribution of these nip forces along circumference and length of the roll, for production speeds of up to 2000 m/min. Additionally, this FBG sensor system measures the temperature distribution in the roll cover. FBG sensor embedment has been investigated and optimized for the implementation of pressure force measurements in various roll cover materials. These measurements enable immediate quality control during various stages of the production process. Draw Tower Grating sensor arrays, simultaneously performing spectrometric interrogation, and autonomous power supply technologies result in an extremely robust fiberoptic sensor system operating at rotation speeds of 700 rpm, equivalent to centrifugal accelerations of 300 G.

The possibility as a vibration sensor of Electro-Active paper (EAPap) based on piezoelectricity was investigated in the present paper. The EAPap was fabricated by regenerating and tape casting cellulose. The gold, silver and aluminum were deposited on both sides of the cut cellulose film using a thermal evaporator. The sample was coated by thin laminating film for packaging. The simple aluminum cantilevered beam was used for the vibration testing and EAPap was attached on the beam. The original EAPap sensor without grounding and shielding has greatly affected by the surrounding noise such as power noise especially. The power noise reduced dramatically with grounding and shielding of EAPap. The impulsive response of EAPap provided correct dynamic characteristics of the beam. Forced response of EAPap presented that gold and silver electrodes are suitable for EAPap sensor but aluminum electrode provides too many noise due to high resistance. PVDF provided similar characteristics of EAPap, which results EAPap has high potential as a vibration sensor.

At present, the most technology of counting money is to use the money counter in financial fields. The paper presents a new method for automatic counting paper money which is based on image processing technology. Firstly, the paper money image is acquired by CCD. After analyzing the feature of image, we find that in Cr-space the edge of each paper money is enhanced. Then we use the north-west sobel operator for filtering and north sobel operator for detecting edge. Although the image-processed better highlight the edge of each paper money, the edge is rough and its variance is high. It is hardly to threshold the image for getting the single-pixel edge linked. After Different segmentation algorithm was been used for deriving the edge of paper money, we find the Two-dimensional Histogram -division algorithm is suitable for our purpose. The experimental result is proved satisfied. The detecting rate reached 100% in controlled environment for RMB. However, if we want to detect other kinds of paper money such as dollar, there also have several problems to be solved.

Understanding the properties of paper fibers and paper fiber bonds can be really significant in improving the quality of paper. The problem in gathering measurement data from individual paper fibers is the lack of reliable and efficient research instruments. Also, without automation the yield of experiments will be low and the results will depend on the skills of the operator. This paper presents an image-based method to automatically detect the endpoints of paper fibers. The method will be utilized in automatic control of a novel and tailor-made paper fiber manipulation and measurement platform. Performance of the method is extremely promising with adequate speed and very accurate results.

This paper reports a remotely-driven electro-active paper (EAPap) actuator by modulated microwaves. So far we have demonstrated a remotely driven EAPap actuator by means of rectenna and control circuit. The rectenna consists of dipole antenna and rectifying circuit, which converts microwave to dc power. Once microwaves are incident on the dipole rectenna, it converts microwaves into a dc power and the control circuit feeds the power to the EAPap actuator by alternating it so as to produce a bending motion of the EAPap actuator. However, due to the power consumption of the control circuit, the remotely-driven actuator system requires more dc power to activate the control circuit. Thus, we propose a remotely-driven EAPap actuator that does not require the control circuit. Instead of the control circuit, microwaves are modulated with the control signal, and by rectifying the modulated microwaves with the rectenna, the control signal can be regenerated for activating the EAPap actuator. Detailed modulated microwave, rectenna design, fabrication, characterization and the actuation of rectenna-EAPap by modulated microwave are explained.

We report a flexible paper transistor made with regenerated cellulose and covalently bonded single-walled carbon nanotubes. Functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are reacted with N, N-Carbonyldiimidazoles to obtain SWNTs-imidazolides. SWNTs can be covalently bonded to cellulose by acylation of cellulose with SWNTsimidazolides. Using the product, SWNTs covalently bonded cellulose (S/C) composite paper is fabricated and it is mechanically stretched to align SWNTs with cellulose chains. Finally, inter-digital comb shaped source and drain electrode and bottom gate electrode is formed on the paper via lift-off process. Aligned SWNTs can contribute to establishing stable electron channel paths in the cellulose layer. The alignment of SWNTs can be key a role in improving characteristics of the paper transistor. The characteristics of the paper transistor are evaluated by measuring mobility, onoff ratio depending on the alignment of SWNTs in S/C composite paper transistors.

Recently, there has been a surge of activity in the development of next-generation transparent thin film transistors for use in applications such as electronic paper and flexible organic light emitting diode panels. Amongst the transparent conducting oxides attracting the most interest at present are Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors (AOS) based on ZnO because they exhibit enhanced electron mobility (), superior capacity for processability in air and improved thermodynamic stability compared with conventional covalent amorphous semiconductors and existing AOS. Moreover, they give excellent performance when fabricated at relatively low temperature and can readily be made in large area format. Thus, they are projected to resolve the trade-off between processing temperature and device performance and thereby allow fabrication on inexpensive heatsensitive substrates. For the moment, however, an undesireable post-deposition annealing step at a temperature of about 200°C is necessary in order to obtain suitable electrical and optical properties. This paper demonstrates the possibility of directly engineering amorphous ZnO with relatively high conductiviy at room temperature on paper and mylar substrates using pulsed laser deposition.

In this paper, a new data hiding method - writing on wet paper using multi-pixel differencing is presented in order to provide large embedding capacity and improve further steganographic embedding efficiency for the stego-image. It takes into consideration four pixels of a block, and the differences between the lowest gray-value pixel and its surrounding pixels are used to embed the secret data. The receivers can extract secret bits from carrier images only by some matrix multiplications no matter how we embed the secret message. Thus, the invisibility of this steganographic method is achieved in process of secret information transmission. The experimental results show that our scheme has a larger embedding capacity and better robust performance against the methods of active attacks such as noise addition.

In the last decade, on the world wide it has been started to be applied the conservation of cultural heritage with nanomaterials. A deep investigation about the degradation mechanism of cultural heritage means the decisive step in the historical paper conservation. In particular, by using these compatible methods, it is possible to perform interventions without modification of the physicochemical and mechanical behavior of the materials, ensuring long-lasting effects. In this study alkaline nano-sized particles have been synthesized, as non-aqueous dispersions, because of their efficiency for the preservation of cellulose-based materials. The particles size and theirs size distribution have been measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique. The historical papers have been treated with the obtained nanoparticles and then the initial and treated book papers have been examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).