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A subset A of a vector space X is called \alpha-lineable whenever A contains, except for the null vector, a subspace of dimension \alpha. If X has a topology, then A is \alpha-spaceable if such subspace can be chosen to be closed. The vast existing literature on these topics has shown that positive results for lineability and spaceability are quite common. Recently, the stricter notions of (\alpha,\beta)-lineability/spaceability were introduced as an attempt to shed light on more subtle issues. In this paper, among other results, we prove some general criteria for the notion of (\alpha,\beta)-lineability/spaceability and, as applications, we extend recent results of different authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of the class \Delta consisting of topological \Delta-spaces was originated by Jerzy Ka̧kol and Arkady Leiderman [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. Ser. B 8 (2021), pp. 86–99; Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. Ser. B 8 (2021), pp. 267–280]. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and investigate new classes \Delta _2 \subset \Delta _1 properly containing \Delta. We observe that for every first-countable X the following equivalences hold: X\in \Delta _1 iff X\in \Delta _2 iff each countable subset of X is G_{\delta }. Thus, new proposed concepts provide a natural extension of the family of all \lambda-sets beyond the separable metrizable spaces. We prove that (1) A pseudocompact space X belongs to the class \Delta _1 iff countable subsets of X are scattered. (2) Every regular scattered space belongs to the class \Delta _2. We investigate whether the classes \Delta _1 and \Delta _2 are invariant under the basic topological operations. Similarly to \Delta, both classes \Delta _1 and \Delta _2 are invariant under the operation of taking countable unions of closed subspaces. In contrast to \Delta, they are not preserved by closed continuous images. Let Y be l-dominated by X, i.e. C_p(X) admits a continuous linear map onto C_p(Y). We show that Y \in \Delta _1 whenever X \in \Delta _1. Moreover, we establish that if Y is l-dominated by a compact scattered space X, then Y is a pseudocompact space such that its Stone–Čech compactification \beta Y is scattered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]