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As the world adopts the technological era, the adverse effects of climate change have been experienced by the increasing population, which has led to a rise in energy demand. Heavy industries depend on dirty fossil fuels that release GHG emissions into the atmosphere. This paper aims to review the integration of a nuclear-renewable hybrid energy system (NRHES) to produce green hydrogen in decarbonizing hard-to-abate industries in the ASEAN region. In this study, the two main hydrogen production methods were identified, including thermochemical and electrolytic processes. The available renewable energy sources in ASEAN countries, such as solar, hydropower, biomass, geothermal, and wind, were also determined to evaluate the possible routes for coupling with nuclear power. Thus, considering the zero-emissions and baseload electricity from nuclear energy, integrating this with renewables in the region can accommodate their intermittent characteristics and supply the minimum electricity demand. This article suggests that as the region is rich in agriculture, nuclear-biomass is the most viable combination of energy sources to overcome different global issues. Furthermore, the prospects of hydrogen and its potential for industrial applications--mainly in transportation, manufacturing, chemical plants, and refineries--were presented in this analysis. This review determined the economic, technical, and societal impacts and policy frameworks of implementing NRHES for green hydrogen production to examine the possible challenges faced by Southeast Asia. Therefore, these challenges and gaps enable further exploration of the integration of NRHES to produce hydrogen as an alternative energy source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper aims to explore the efficiency of energy consumption on farms of different economic sizes in Latvia. Burning fossil fuels to satisfy a continuously growing demand for energy created by the industry, transport and households has been a cause of concern for several decades. It has been widely acknowledged as one of the major reasons for a massive increase in greenhouse gas emissions, a dramatic rise of global temperature and ongoing climate changes. Since farms use energy not only directly by operating machinery and equipment but also indirectly by utilizing energy-intensive fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals, nowadays, the agricultural sector meets a serious challenge of devising and employing sustainable methods of production to enhance the efficiency of consumed energy. Although this topic has been high on the agenda for researchers, policy-makers, national, international, governmental and non-governmental organizations, little attention has been paid to a comparative analysis of the efficiency of energy consumption across various farms in Latvia. This paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature by examining the consumption of energy per hectare of the utilised agricultural area and per livestock unit over the years since Latvia’s accession to the EU in 2004. The paper adopted a mixed-method approach by integrating and interpreting the results of quantitative and qualitative data analysis. A statistical analysis was based on data obtained from SUDAT - a national component of the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in Latvia. Research shows that the efficiency of energy consumption significantly differs between farms of various economic sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the impact of global climate change and temperature warming up on emission production during en-route flight. Consequently, analyses the effects of carbon dioxide gases production on the environment and ecology. The main aim of this article is to do research the amount of emission (CO2) production during flight in different meteorological condition and make an evaluation of how it can affect the global climate change, ecology and greenhouse effect. The theoretical part of the article focused on monitoring, analyzing and map out the global climate and emission gases production change. The practical part of the paper includes calculations, system analysis, and CO2 emission gases production modelling during the en-route flight of the selected type of aircraft. The result of the research is a response to the issue: how can the global climate change influence the fuel burn and emission gases production, and how can the emission production contribute to the greenhouse effect and Earth´s ecology and environment. The fuel consumption and emission production calculations are processed on the bases of the AFM (Aircraft Flight Manual), OM (Aircraft Operation Manual) and Dr. Christian N. Jardine research study program methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of this study is to underline the fact that the wind energy potential in the western part of the Black Sea basin can be considered significant, while the wave energy is lower in comparison with oceans. However, in winter time when energy consumption in Bulgaria and Romania is high, the wave energy presents the highest values. The aim of this research paper is to draw a comprehensive picture regarding the wave and wind energy near Bulgaria and Romania coastlines. More precisely, six locations were studied. Regarding the geographical location, the studied points are located in the range 42°N to 45.2°N and 27°E to 30°E as follows: three points are near to the Bulgaria’s coastline and the other three close to Romania’s coastline. In this study, the wind conditions were analyzed at 10-meter height. The data for the wind analysis were provided by the Regional Climate Model (RCM) from Euro-Cordex database (EUR-11) and covers three intervals. All intervals cover 30-year of data as follows: Historical dataset (01 January 1976 to 31 December 2005), near future RCP8.5 scenario (01 January 2021 to 31 December 2050) and future RCP8.5 scenario (01 January 2071 to 31 December 2100). The wave analysis was conducted on the same intervals but using data coming from SWAN model. Finally, by analyzing the resulted coming from this joint evaluation it can be concluded that the presented analysis provides a more comprehensive picture regarding the future wind and wave energy resources in the coastal environment of Bulgaria and Romania, compared with historical period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of a "passive House" has been introduced for the first time in Germany, subsequently being extended and at higher latitudes and different features climatic from those of Germany, in the south, west and south-west of Europe. Passive building has been defined by Wolfgang Feist, Passivhaus Institut, as being the building that demand for heating must not be more than 15 kWh/m2 year, and total consumption of primary energy should not be more than 120 kWh/m2 year. In this paper we strive to study at the concept of 'passive house' in the Russia. Using the Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) software 2007 calculate the heating requirements for such a House, depending on the latitude and climate conditions in the locality. For the study were selected 7 cities from Russia placed to different latitudes and climatic areas. To determine the possibility of implementing the concept "passive House" must be determined: required heating, cooling demand and primary energy demand. In order to implement this concept should not exceed maximum limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objectives of each of cities from Romania are sustainable development, energy efficiency, use of renewable energy and ensuring a clean and healthy environment for citizens in a modern city, attractive, prosperous and a high standard of living. The climate changes, increasingly present every day in the realities of city, mainly caused by human factor, obliges us to a new approach and orientation responsible for the future of our decisions in order to rational and efficient use of resources, especially in order to combate, to reduce and adapt to climate change. The way we intervene to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, to mitigate and adapt to climate change defines us, placing us among European citizens informed, responsible and active. Renewable energy and biomass energy, a type of renewable energy, are one of the issues that have been overemphasized since the 1990s. The fact that the countries of the world turned to renewable energy sources from fossil fuels and diversified their energy sources, the increasing importance of renewable energies in the energy security context, the lack of stability in energy prices, the fact that the countries adopted growth strategies based on local dynamics, the source of which they had in their lands, reducing transportation costs, alternatives to generate electricity were among the factors that brought this issue to the agenda of the world and made the scientists conduct studies on the issue. Biomass energy that is one of the renewable energy sources is an important energy source particularly for developing countries, and the production and use of it are increasing every day. Considering the geographic features of the region, the use of biomass for bio-economy development, comes naturally. In order to create a business model for the use and integration of biomass supply- chain, this study will focus on providing an overview on the current state of biomass availability and usage in West Region of Romania, as well as providing brief presentation of roadblocks for further development of biomass supply chains. Also, the focus will be on developing transnational interactions that could be a solution to biomass development in the region. In that sense, the target of the next chapters is to assess the energetic potential of existing biomass in Western Region, and the necessary features of the supply chain, needed in order to develop a sustainable business in biomass field. In this paper it will be estimated potential production of biogas from residues and waste for the western region of the country. To accomplish this is necessary to identify the types of wastes and wastes that can be used. Identification will be made by name, quantity, the theoretical potential of biogas and waste to flow through the availability of energy use. Consideration should also be given to the methods of using these wastes and wastes time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary architectural practice is expanding its horizon of work and research on city and landscape with all their complexities, from social to ecological. Active presence of theory in the process of design, necessarily led to development of design methodology known as architectural design research. Contemporary architects, searching for the truth as the pre-condition for architectural creation, are experimenting with presented architectural and non-architectural attributes. Their goal is to create something new, something unrecognized as architectural form so far, but now is. The paper discusses two methodological design platform - design by research and study by design. The research aims to review the possible directions for addressing the problems of design, through something that is determined by something that already exists, and the study involves an empirical verification of design results, which subject is determined by current context with addition of something new, and this new is variable because it needs to be designed. The paper considers the results of design research related to environmental sustainability and energy efficiency, applied through the bidding practice of the group Architectural Alchemy (AA). The result of this consideration is reflected in the conclusion that Study by Design, is mostly exploring new opportunities with a generic variable, and new knowledge and understanding of the design, which is of undoubted importance to meet the complex requirements such as adaptation to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]