Search

[Display omitted] Risk management of major hazardous installations (MHIs) is a principal concern due to chemical hazards, both in South Korea and in foreign countries where chemical plants are located. To cope with these risks, various regulatory schemes have been developed for the recognition, prevention, and control of chemical accidents. Despite these efforts, the worst major accident caused by massive (20 t) leakage of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride occurred in Gumi City in 2012. As a result, the location of MHIs associated with the chemical industry became a major concern among the public, relating to the risks to both the public and environment. In this study, the regulatory systems in South Korea are compared with global standards for controlling major hazards, and the adoption of land use planning (LUP) is discussed. Based on population statistics for the last 17 years, the EPA's ALOHA software was used to evaluate the impact of land development and population growth around MHIs through case studies of societal risk changes at five water-treatment plants using Cl 2 (chlorine). The total risk at the Cl 2 sites increased by up to 3.05 times from 2000 to 2017, demonstrating the necessity of introducing LUP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of eco-friendly hydrogen vehicles has prompted attempts to increase the installation of hydrogen refueling stations in urban areas; however, sufficient safety measures have yet to be established. Gas plume dispersion, jet flame, and heat flux were investigated using HyRAM software by considering accidents at hydrogen refueling stations in reports published by Sandia National Laboratories. Hydrogen release and jet flame length were measured using the Schlieren imaging system and a thermal imaging camera. The HyRAM simulation analysis results were more conservative than the experimental results. These showed that the pressure and leak diameter greatly influenced the safety of hydrogen facilities. Individual and societal risks were analyzed through RISKCURVES, and the risks were found to be highest in the sidewalk and dispenser. An F-N (Frequency- Number of fatalities) curve to verify the risk of installing a hydrogen refueling station in urban areas was derived, and the safety distance from residents was proposed. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]