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The question of what lies ahead is of particular concern for Latin Americanists. The last decade has witnessed a serious erosion of both the popularity of their specialty, and an equally troublesome reduction in employment opportunities. This paper uses Association of American Geographers (AAG) data bases to document the age-gender structure of contemporary Latin Americanist geographers, and projects likely compositional changes through the end of the century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the characteristics of areas with numerous group homes (residential care facilities) that cater to a variety of user groups. An overview of patterns of locational concentration precedes the results of an ecological analysts for the Minor Planning Districts of the City of Toronto. The pattern of ecological correlates among the three group home types analyzed supports results obtained elsewhere, but cautions against referring ecological associations Identified for one sort of facility to other facility types. The conclusion questions the suitability of present areas of locational concentration of group homes as host environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a survey of the export behavior of small Canadian manufacturing firms. An analysis of tables (ANOTA) model is used to describe the relationship between export performance and market characteristics. The export transactions of these firms are also examined using ANOTA and latent class analysis. The relationship between export experience and geographic diversification predicted by stages of development models is confirmed. In addition. two types of export transactions are identified: (1) active exports that help firms reach a market of sufficient size and (2) passive exports in response to demand from foreign customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the changes that are transforming intermodal transportation in the United States and Canada. Traffic is being concentreated at a relatively small number of inland load centers that serve as regional truck distribution points, and are linked by high volume dedicated train services. Both theoretical and practical implications of the changes are examined, and a range of research questions are presents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on a study which examined the geographic variations of formal child care provision in Ontario, Canada. Description of the historical development of the decentralized service system; Methodology used to conduct study; Indepth look at other findings of the study.

BITNET is a telecommunications network for higher education. The network's general characteristics, services, the availability of BITNET to academic geographers , and their use of the system are examined. Although more than 80% of geography faculty in the United States and Canada are at BITNET supported institutions, a survey of AAG Specially Group chairs suggests that geographers' actual use of BITNET is relatively low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights the symposium on causes and consequences of refugee migration in Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba. Themes of the symposiums; Attendance of a number of highly qualified and ranking representatives of government agencies; Number of geographers attended.

Copyright of Professional Geographer is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Professional Geographer is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Professional Geographer is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Highlights the Third International Symposium in Medical Geography held August 7 to 11, 1988, hosted by the Department of Geography, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. History of the symposium; Number of papers presented at Kingston; Overview of a typical day's agenda at Kingston.

Highlights the sixth international automated cartography symposium in Ottawa, Ontario. Theme of the symposium; Number of registrants attended from different countries; Organization of the symposium by a steering committee chaired by D. R. F. Taylor of Carleton University.

Copyright of Professional Geographer is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Professional Geographer is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Professional Geographer is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Professional Geographer is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a recent issue of , a number of key players in the 1960s and 1970s school of quantitative urban geography (called Chicago II in this article) set out some of the approach's key methodological premises and assessed its influence in the wider arena of urban studies. At about the same time, the 1920s and 1930s Chicago School of urban sociology (called the Chicago School in this article) was being reassessed in France ( ), and deconstructed in Los Angeles ( ). In this article, we outline a selection of basic models of urban space proposed by the Chicago School and further elaborated by Chicago II. We then consider certain aspects of three important critiques: humanist/aesthetic, Marxist, and postmodern. We argue that none of these invalidates the Chicago II approach to the study of urban areas, and we demonstrate its resilience and usefulness by way of the empirical example of Montreal. Though the results are of interest in their own right, the principal purpose of the analysis is to illustrate the type of insight that a structured quantitative approach provides and the way this approach rests on a theoretical understanding of processes at work in cities. We conclude by arguing that the humanist and Marxist critiques shed important light upon the possibilities and limits of the Chicago II approach, but that the postmodern claim that the spatial development of urban areas is not structured by at least some general processes is inaccurate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban work trips have changed in important ways during the last decades. In Québec City, a medium-sized Canadian metropolitan area, commuting distances increased for both male and female workers between 1977 and 1996, while durations increased for male workers and decreased for female workers. This article seeks to identify spatial and social factors responsible for these changes. We develop a disaggregate model of trip duration estimated on the basis of large samples derived from travel surveys comparable through time. Using categorical variables to specify change, we are able to separate change effects from level effects attributable to various dimensions of urban form. Our analysis clearly indicates that, once travel mode and key social factors are controlled for, the shift from a monocentric to a dispersed city form is responsible, in the Québec metropolitan area, for increasing commuting time. This is contrary to findings in larger metropolitan areas, where, it has been argued, the suburbanization of jobs maintains stability in commuting duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis of the relationship between urban governance restructuring, and global, national, and local action through a case study of the Toronto city-region. The Toronto city-region recently underwent a massive reorganization of its governance structures, functions, and jurisdictional boundaries. This restructuring raises questions about why these changes occurred at this particular juncture in the region's history. Why did the city that had always been known in the academic and political discourse as the "city that works" stop "working"? What global and national forces might have accounted for such a radical restructuring? And what did local action contribute? These questions are explored in both historical and contemporary contexts by drawing on insights from regulation theory, urban regime theory, and an analysis of Canada's changing fiscal federalism. This approach informs the role that institutions—regardless of their origin or territorial scope—play in sustaining a local accumulation system, and how this "local" accumulation grounds a national regulatory mode and regime of accumulation. The approach also explores the relationship between regime and regulation theories in the context of policy formation and institution building. The study concludes that the current policy set is incapable of resolving the region's crisis tendencies. Notwithstanding external forces, the current policy set is not inevitable. Globalization does not predetermine all spatialeconomic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the use of qualitative research methods to assess the medical geography of a community-based approach of a heart care program in Ontario. Effectiveness of health promotion campaigns in the province; Analysis of key informant interviews of the program's participants and organizers; Merging of local perspectives and dynamics of intra-community relations.

Tackles the factors that induce municipal governments to spend scarce resources to defend against the adverse effects of environmental change in Ontario. Budgetary content analyses and secondary data to develop a multiple regression model; Need for a place-sensitive approach to environmental accounting.

Explores migration aspects of the 1995 Quebec Sovereignty Referendum with data from a survey administered to non-francophones in Montreal two weeks prior to the Referendum. How the Quebec is largely regarded; Number of residents Quebec lost to inter-provincial migration between 1966 and 1996; Provisions of the Referendum.

Highlights the sixth annual Applied Geography Conference hosted by the Department of Applied Geography in Toronto, Ontario. Number of registrants attended; Features of th conference; Discussion of land use problems and resource management problems in other conference sessions.

Relates information on the issue of packaging waste reduction in Canada as well as understanding the external forces which contributes to corporations' decisions to modify its packaging. What are the external forces which influence packaging decisions; Information on recommendations put forward by the data analysis.

Presents information on a study which was conducted on the typology of Canadian inventive enterprises at various national levels as well as the type of inventions developed from 1975 to 1989. Information on the largest enterprises being the most inventive; When the enterprises became more inventive; Who was affected with declining inventiveness.

Statistical analysis of foreign direct investment in the United States reveals source country differences in interstate location. We relate these differences to the knowledge foreign investors have of the United States. Regression analysis indicates a significant concentration of foreign investment from individual countries in larger states and in border states. Worldwide investment in the United States does not show these preferences. Investment from Japan and Canada accounted for most of the interstate dispersal of foreign employment in the 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of analyses of 86 years of precipitation records for Calgary, Canada, showed that there were three periods of above normal precipitation and three periods of precipitation significantly below normal. This pattern gave the precipitation climate a quasi-periodic appearance. The average number of precipitation-days was 134 per annum. The reduction in the frequency of precipitation-days in dry years was not as significant as the equivalent reduction in precipitation amounts. A significant upward trend in the frequency of precipitation-days, which correlated with a similar trend in cloud cover, was not repeated in precipitation amounts. The upward trend in both cloud cover and precipitation-day frequency is believed to be related to urban growth and the corresponding heat island. This enhancement is more pronounced in the fall and winter months than in the spring and summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the development of geography as an academic discipline in Canada. Geography has been an established subject in the elementary and secondary schools of Canada throughout this century. Education at these levels is controlled by provincial governments and the curriculum varies across the country. In some provinces geography is merged into social studies, particularly in Western Canada, whereas in Ontario it has remained a strong element in the schools. Each province has a different course content, but geography of Canada is taught once or twice in nearly every province, but at different grade levels.

Presents a comprehensive overview of the SAS/GRAPH system. Evaluation of its cartographic procedure; Strengths and weaknesses of SAS/GRAPH in a variety of cartographic applications; Use of the software for statistical analysis and data base management; Use of the cartographic procedures in research on mapping ethno-cultural census data from metropolitan areas in Ontario.

Focuses on the debate on the concentration of social services facilities within North American cities. Application of the location quotient and the coefficient of localization to data on adult services, children's services and psychiatric group homes in Toronto, Ontario; Demonstration of a high degree of localization in all three categories; Placement policies to relieve certain areas of the inner city of the social and economic pressures.